有氧运动、呼吸肌训练及联合训练对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸康复效果的随机对照试验
祝玉婷 , 尹华英 , 刘玉琳 , 刘曦璇 , 刘丽芳
重庆医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (05) : 722 -729.
有氧运动、呼吸肌训练及联合训练对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸康复效果的随机对照试验
A randomized controlled trial on the effects of aerobic exercise,respiratory muscle training,and combined training on respiratory rehabilitation in children with bronchial asthma
目的 本研究对支气管哮喘患儿进行有氧运动、呼吸肌训练及有氧运动联合呼吸肌训练的随机对照试验,旨在比较3种干预方法对支气管哮喘患儿呼吸康复的效果,为其呼吸康复方案选择提供循证依据。 方法 采用便利抽样法选取2023年5月至2024年5月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科门诊就诊的112例支气管哮喘患儿,随机分为有氧运动组、呼吸肌训练组和联合训练组,在规范化药物治疗的基础上分别进行相应的干预,持续6个月。 结果 干预3个月后,联合训练组6 min步行距离、肺功能指标高于呼吸肌训练组,最大口腔吸气压、肺功能指标高于有氧运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但3组生存质量和哮喘控制水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预6个月后,联合训练组6 min步行距离、最大口腔吸气压、肺功能指标、生存质量高于有氧运动组和呼吸训练组,哮喘控制水平高于有氧运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组干预3个月和干预6个月6 min步行距离、最大口腔吸气压、肺功能指标、哮喘控制水平、生存质量高于干预前,且随时间延长而显著变化,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在规范化药物治疗基础上,3种干预方法均能改善哮喘患儿的运动能力、吸气肌肌力、肺功能、哮喘控制水平和生存质量,其中有氧运动联合呼吸肌训练效果更显著且随时间延长更明显,建议临床在条件允许时优选有氧运动联合呼吸肌训练应用于支气管哮喘患儿以期获得更好的呼吸康复效果。
Objective To conduct a randomized controlled trial on the effects of aerobic exercise,respiratory muscle training,and the combination of the two training methods on respiratory rehabilitation in children with bronchial asthma,providing evidence-based support for the selection of respiratory rehabilitation programs. Methods A total of 112 children with bronchial asthma who visited the respiratory clinic of a grade 3A general children’s hospital in Chongqing from May 2023 to May 2024 were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into aerobic exercise group,respiratory muscle training group,and combined training group. On the basis of standardized drug treatment,corresponding interventions were carried out for each group for 6 months. Results After 3 months of intervention,the combined training group exhibited significantly higher scores in the 6-minute walking distance and lung function indicators than the respiratory muscle training group,and exhibited significantly higher scores in maximum inspiratory mouth pressure and lung function indicators than the aerobic exercise group(P<0.05). However,there were no significant differences in quality of life and asthma control levels across the three groups (P>0.05). After 6 months of intervention,the combined training group exhibited significantly higher scores in the 6-minute walking distance,maximum inspiratory mouth pressure,lung function indicators,and quality of life than both the aerobic exercise group and the respiratory muscle training group,and exhibited significantly higher scores in asthma control levels than the aerobic exercise group (P<0.05). The 6-minute walking distance,maximum inspiratory mouth pressure,lung function indicators,asthma control levels,and quality of life improved in all three groups after 3 months and 6 months of intervention,with significant changes over time (P<0.05). Conclusion On the basis of standardized drug treatment,all three intervention methods can improve motor function,inspiratory muscle strength,lung function,asthma control levels,and quality of life in children with asthma. Specifically,the combination of aerobic exercise and respiratory muscle training shows a more significant effect that becomes more pronounced over time. Thus,this combined training method is recommended in clinical practice where appropriate for children with asthma to achieve better respiratory rehabilitation effects.
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第四批重庆医科大学附属儿童医院护理学院级科研资助项目(CHCQMU2023.09)
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