胃微生态失衡在胃炎癌转化过程中的作用机制及靶向干预策略
杜楠 , 杨一帆 , 俞瑞珊 , 贺佳琦 , 王高峰 , 李涛
重庆医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (05) : 614 -622.
胃微生态失衡在胃炎癌转化过程中的作用机制及靶向干预策略
Mechanism of action of gastric microecological imbalance in the transformation process from gastritis to gastric cancer and targeted intervention strategies
目的 本文旨在系统阐述胃微生态失衡在胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)“炎-癌转化”进程中的关键作用与内在机制,并深入探讨通过恢复微生态稳态以阻断癌前病变的干预策略,为降低GC发病率提供新的防治思路。 方法 本研究采用系统性文献综述方法,全面梳理与整合当前关于胃微生态与胃炎癌转化的研究进展。重点分析了胃微生态失衡驱动癌变的相关机制,并综合评估了益生菌/益生元、噬菌体疗法、粪便微生物移植、饮食调整及中药干预等策略的潜在应用价值。 结果 胃微生态失衡及其代谢产物改变是胃炎癌转化的重要驱动因素。其核心机制包括:激活并持续维持局部免疫炎症反应;改变具有致癌或促癌活性的代谢产物谱;破坏胃黏膜上皮屏障功能。干预研究表明,益生菌/益生元、噬菌体靶向清除、粪便微生物移植、特定膳食干预及中药调节等手段,能够有效重塑微生态平衡、抑制致病菌生长、调节宿主免疫应答并改善代谢环境,从而在实验与临床研究中展现出阻断癌前病变发展的潜力。 结论 胃微生态失衡在胃炎癌转化中扮演了核心角色。以恢复微生态稳态为目标的干预策略,为阻断炎癌转化提供了富有前景的新方向。未来研究应致力于推动相关策略的临床转化与精准个体化应用,以期为降低GC发病风险提供有效方案。
Objective To systematically review the key role and mechanism of gastric microecological imbalance in the inflammation-cancer transformation of gastric cancer(GC),to investigate the intervention strategy of eliminating precancerous lesion by restoring microecological balance,and to provide ideas for reducing the incidence rate of GC. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize current research advances in gastric microecology and its role in the transformation process from gastritis to GC,with a focus on the mechanism of gastric microecological imbalance in driving the transformation to GC. The potential application value of various strategies including probiotics/prebiotics,bacteriophage therapy,fecal microbiota transplantation,dietary modification,and traditional Chinese medicine intervention was also assessed. Results Gastric microecological imbalance and changes in metabolites were important driving factors for the transformation of gastritis to GC,with the core mechanisms of activating and sustaining local immune inflammatory response,altering the profile of metabolites with carcinogenic or cancer-promoting activities,and damaging gastric mucosal barrier function. Intervention studies showed that interventions such as probiotics/prebiotics,bacteriophage therapy,fecal microbiota transplantation,dietary modification,and traditional Chinese medicine intervention could restore microecological balance,inhibit the growth of pathogens,regulate host immune response,and improve metabolic environment,thereby showing the potential of blocking the progression of precancerous lesion in experimental and clinical studies. Conclusion Gastric microecological imbalance plays a key role in the transformation process from gastritis to GC,and intervention strategies for restoring gastric microecological balance provide a new direction for interrupting the inflammation-cancer transformation. Future studies should focus on the clinical translation and precise individualized application of related strategies,in order to provide effective regimens for reducing the risk of GC.
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国家自然科学基金青年资助项目(82305179)
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