饮水中添加精油共晶对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和脂质代谢的影响

Effects of essential oil cocrystals on performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens

摘要

旨在研究饮水中添加精油共晶对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及脂质代谢的影响。选取96只60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡，随机均分为2组，其中对照组给予正常饮水，精油共晶组在饮水中添加30 mg/L的精油共晶，每组6个重复，每个重复8只，试验期4周，测定蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、器官指数及肝脏生化指标。结果：与对照组相比，精油共晶组蛋鸡的产蛋率和鸡蛋蛋白高度显著提高（P<0.05），而对平均日增重、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色及哈氏单位均无显著影响（P>0.05）；蛋鸡血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶含量显著降低（P<0.05）；蛋鸡的腹脂重量、腹脂率及肝脏中甘油三酯含量显著下降（P<0.05），并伴随肝脏过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ表达的抑制（P<0.05）。综上，在饮水中添加30 mg/L精油共晶，可有效改善产蛋后期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质及脂质代谢状态。

Abstract

This study was to investigate the effects of essential oil cocrystals on performance, egg quality, and lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens. Ninety-six 60-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: the control group received normal drinking water, while the experimental group received drinking water containing 30 mg/L of cocrystals of essential oil. Each group consisted of six replicates, with eight hens per replicate, and the experimental period lasted for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indexes, organ indexes, and liver biochemical indexes were measured. Compared with the control group, essential oil cocrystals significantly increased laying rate, egg weight, and egg albumen height (P<0.05) of the experimental group. However, there was no significant effect on eggshell strength, thickness, shape index, yolk color, or Haugh unit (P>0.05) of the group. Moreover, the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum of the experimented hens were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The supplementation of essential oil cocrystals to the drinking water of the experimental late-phase laying hens significantly reduced both their abdominal fat weight and percentage (P<0.05), as well as hepatic triglyceride content (P<0.05), which was further accompanied by the inhibition of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression (P<0.05) in the hens. This study suggested that supplementing 30 mg/L of essential oil cocrystals to the drinking water improved the laying rate, egg quality, and lipid metabolism in late-phase laying hens.

关键词

精油 / 共晶 / 蛋鸡 / 脂质代谢 / 蛋品质

Key words

cocrystals / essential oil / laying hens / lipid metabolism / egg quality

参考文献

[1] EX, SHAO D, LI M, et al. Supplemental dietary genistein improves the laying performance and antioxidant capacity of Hy-Line brown hens during the late laying period [J]. Poult Sci, 2023, 102(5): 102573.

[2] XING R, FAN K, FAN Z, et al. Porcine bile acids improve performance by altering hepatic lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism with different protein level diets in late laying hens [J]. Poult Sci, 2025, 104(2): 104777.

[3] 董雯雯, 黄铁军, 于海燕, 等. 饮水型精油复合酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及抑菌效果的影响 [J]. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(1): 45-50.

[4] ZHANG H, WANG Y, WANG Y, et al. Combination of cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol or thymol improves the mechanical properties of tibia in post-peak laying hens [J]. Animals, 2022, 12(22): 3108.

[5] WANG J, DENG L, CHEN M, et al. Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: a review of the literature of the last decade [J]. Anim Nutr, 2024, 17: 244-264.

[6] GHOLAMI-AHANGARAN M, AHMADI-DASTGERDI A, AZIZI S, et al. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance [J]. Vet Med Sci, 2022, 8(1): 267-288.

[7] XIAO Y, WU C, CUI P, et al. Enhancing adsorption capacity and herbicidal efficacy of 2,4-D through supramolecular self-assembly: insights from cocrystal engineering to solution chemistry [J]. Chem Eng J, 2023, 469: 143757.

[8] GÓRNICKA J, MIKA M, WRÓBLEWSKA O, et al. Methods to improve the solubility of curcumin from turmeric [J]. Life, 2023, 13(1): 207.

[9] WANG H, ZHENG C, TIAN F, et al. Improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of curcumin via co-crystallization [J]. Pharmaceuticals, 2024, 17(4): 489.

[10] LI L, CHEN X, ZHANG K, et al. Effects of thymol and carvacrol eutectic on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and intestinal health in broiler chickens [J]. Animals, 2023, 13(13): 2242.

[11] LI Y, LI C, ZHANG Y, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with cocrystals of thymol and carvacrol on quality, nutrient composition, and oxidative stability of broiler meat [J]. Foods, 2024, 13(18): 2899.

[12] 徐静, 张子儒, 王德贺, 等. 饮水中添加大蒜精油对蛋鸡生长性能、肠道组织形态及盲肠菌群的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(1): 308-316.

[13] 伍宏凯, 肖田安, 吴荔琴, 等. 饮水添加复合植物精油对竹丝鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道菌群结构的影响 [J]. 中国饲料, 2025(1): 63-70.

[14] WANG Y, WANG Y, SU C, et al. Dietary cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol or thymol improves the egg quality and intestinal health independent of gut microbiota in post-peak laying hens [J]. Front Vet Sci, 2022, 9: 994089.

[15] DING X, YU Y, SU Z, et al. Effects of essential oils on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens [J]. Anim Nutr, 2017, 3(2): 127-131.

[16] FENG J, LU M, WANG J, et al. Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation improves intestinal functions and alters gut microbiota in late-phase laying hens [J]. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2021, 12(1): 72.

[17] XIAO G, ZHENG L, YAN X, et al. Effects of dietary essential oils supplementation on egg quality, biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota of late-laying hens [J]. Animals, 2022, 12(19): 2561.

[18] 刘瑞雪, 丁雪东, 党苗苗, 等. 橙皮苷、百里香酚、迷迭香酸及其联合添加对肉仔鸡肠道免疫和抗氧化功能的影响 [J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2025, 48(1): 171-179.

[19] 尹莉丽, 吴建民, 陈露, 等. 姜酚和百里香酚对白羽肉鸡小肠形态结构和屏障功能的影响 [J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2024, 47(1): 87-95.

[20] GONÇALVES S A, FERREIRA R A, PEREIRA I G, et al. Behavioral and physiological responses of different genetic lines of free-range broiler raised on a semi-intensive system [J]. J Anim Behav Biometeorol, 2017, 5(4): 112-117.

[21] DARMAWAN A, ÖZTÜRK E, GÜNGÖR E, et al. Effects of essential oils on egg production and feed efficiency as influenced by laying hen breed: a meta-analysis [J]. Vet World, 2024, 17(1): 197-206.

[22] LI A, HU H, HUANG Y, et al. Effects of dietary metabolizable energy level on hepatic lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota in aged laying hens [J]. Poult Sci, 2024, 103(7): 103855.

[23] MOLAPO S, MOTSELISI M. The effect of egg size (weight) on the eggshell thickness, egg yolk and hatchablity in Koekoek chickens [J]. Ojafr, 2020, 10(6): 278-281.

[24] ABOGHANIMA M M, ALAGAWANY M, ABDEL-HACK M E, et al. Consequences of various housing systems and dietary supplementation of thymol, carvacrol, and euganol on performance, egg quality, blood chemistry, and antioxidant parameters [J]. Poult Sci, 2020, 99(9): 4384-4397.

[25] XU X, YANG Y, ZHANG X, et al. Research note: genetic parameters estimation of egg quality traits in Beijing-You chickens [J]. Poult Sci, 2025, 104(8): 105294.

[26] RAMIREZ S Y, PEÑUELA-SIERRA L M, OSPINA M A. Effects of oregano (Lippia origanoides) essential oil supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and intestinal morphometry of Isa Brown laying hens [J]. Vet World, 2021, 14(3): 595-602.

[27] GUO Y, XU Y, WANG D, et al. Dietary silymarin improves performance by altering hepatic lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota function and its metabolites in late laying hens [J]. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2024, 15(1): 100.

[28] LI F, JIANG M, MA M, et al. Anthelmintics nitazoxanide protects against experimental hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters and mice [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2022, 12(3): 1322-1338.

[29] CIMRIN T. Thyme (Thymbra spicata L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and vitamin E supplementation of laying hens [J]. SAJ An Sci, 2019, 49(5): 914-921.

[30] CHEN S, DONG Y, QI X, et al. Aristolochic acids exposure was not the main cause of liver tumorigenesis in adult hood [J]. Acta Pharm Sin B, 2022, 12(5): 2252-2267.

[31] ELOLIMY A A, HASHIM M M, EL-SAFTY S A, et al. Effects of microencapsulated dessential oils and seaweed meal on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, liver functions, and plasma biomarkers in broiler chickens [J]. J Anim Sci, 2025, 103: skaf092.

[32] ZHOU M, LUO Y, QIU J, et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with butyrate glycerides on lipid metabolism, intestinal morphology, and microbiota population in laying hens [J]. Poult Sci, 2025, 104(2): 104755.

[33] XIAO P, LI Q, WANG L, et al. The combined supplementation of quercetin and Ligilactobacillus salivarius improves production performance, lipid metabolism, and ileal health in late-phase laying hens [J]. Poult Sci, 2025, 104(8): 105286.

[34] ZHOU C, ZHEN M, YU M, et al. Gadofullerene inhibits the degradation of apolipoprotein B100 and boosts triglyceride transport for reversing hepatic steatosis [J]. Sci Adv, 2020, 6(37): eabc1586.

[35] KANG D H, LEE Y S, OH S M, et al. Inhibitory effects of thymol isolated from Curcuma longa L. on adipogenesis in HepG2 cells [J]. Processes, 2020, 8(9): 1191.

[36] 楚薇, 罗明珠, 王怡婷, 等. 基于PPARγ探索香芹酚对RAW_264.7 M1型巨噬细胞极化的调控作用 [J]. 中国医药导报, 2025, 22(19): 34-41.

基金资助

山东省家禽产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-011-08)