液体饲喂添加益生菌对生长肥育猪生产性能及肠道健康的影响

Effects of probiotic supplementation via liquid feeding on production performance and intestinal health in growing-finishing pigs

摘要

旨在探讨液体饲喂系统中添加益生菌对生长肥育猪生产性能、屠宰性能、肉质特性、血液生化和免疫指标、肠道形态及菌群结构的影响。选取120头70日龄、初始体重为（27.07±0.75）kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长猪，公母各半，随机分为对照组（液体饲喂基础饲粮）和试验组（液体饲喂基础饲粮+2%植物乳杆菌液，活菌数≥1.2×10 ¹⁰ CFU/g），每组6个重复，每重复10头，料水比为2.7∶1，试验期90 d。结果：试验组平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05），料重比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；屠宰性能各指标组间无显著差异（P>0.05），但试验组屠宰率有降低趋势；肉质方面，试验组猪肉pH值和水分含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），其余指标无显著差异（P>0.05）；血液生化及免疫指标两组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）；肠道形态方面，试验组空肠和回肠绒毛高度显著增加（P<0.05），空肠隐窝深度显著降低（P<0.05），空肠绒隐比显著提高（P<0.01），回肠绒隐比呈上升趋势；肠道菌群分析显示，试验组乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）丰度显著增加（P<0.05），弯曲菌门（Campilobacterota）丰度显著降低（P<0.05），并促进了环境信息处理与遗传信息处理相关功能基因的表达。综上，在液体饲喂系统中添加益生菌可改善生长肥育猪增重效率，调节肠道菌群结构并增强肠道健康，但对屠宰性能及血液指标影响不显著，同时可能对猪肉含水量产生一定影响，研究结果为益生菌在生猪液体饲喂中的科学应用提供了数据支持。

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation in liquid feeding systems on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality characteristics, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and microbiota structure of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 seventy-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred pigs (sex-balanced, initial body weight: (27.07 ± 0.75) kg) were randomly allocated to a control group (fed with basal diet by liquid feeding) and an experimental group (with liquid basal diet supplemented with 2% Lactobacillus plantarum solution, viable bacteria count ≥ 1.2 × 10 ¹⁰ CFU/g). Each group comprised 6 replicates with 10 pigs per replicate. The feed-to-water ratio of the pigs was maintained at 2.7∶1 throughout the 90-day experimental period. The results showed as follows: The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.05) and significantly lower feed-to-gain ratio (F/G, P < 0.05), compared with the control group. No significant differences emerged in their slaughter performance parameters (P > 0.05); however, the dressing percentage in the experimental group displayed a downward trend. Regarding meat quality, the pH and moisture content in the pork were significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05) with no differences in the other quality indicators. The physiological, biochemical, and immune parameters in the blood showed no inter-group variations (P > 0.05). The intestinal morphology analysis revealed significant increases in the jejunal and ileal villus height (P < 0.05), significant reduction in the jejunal crypt depth (P < 0.05), and significantly enhanced jejunal villus-to-crypt ratio (P < 0.01); while the ileal villus-to-crypt ratio presented an increasing trend. The microbiota analysis indicated significantly elevated abundances of Lactobacillus and Proteobacteria (P < 0.05), significant reduction in Campilobacterota abundance (P < 0.05), alongside promoted expression of functional genes related to environmental information processing and genetic information processing. In conclusion, probiotic supplementation in liquid feeding systems enhanced weight gain efficiency, modulated gut microbiota structure, and improved intestinal morphological health in growing-finishing pigs. However, it showed non-significant effects on slaughter performance and blood parameters, although potentially influencing moisture content in pork. This investigation provided essential scientific references for evidence-based application of probiotics in liquid feeding regimens for swine production.

关键词

液体饲喂 / 生长育肥猪 / 益生菌 / 肠道健康 / 生长性能

Key words

liquid feeding / growing-finishing pigs / probiotics / intestinal health / growth performance

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基金资助

新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2022ZD104)