饲用黄丝藻粉的致突变试验

Mutagenicity test of feed Tribonema powder

摘要

通过沙门菌回复突变试验（Ames试验）、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验，旨在评估黄丝藻粉作为饲料添加剂的潜在致突变性。在Ames试验中，黄丝藻粉剂量分为5.0、1.0、0.2、0.04、0.008 mg/皿共5组，另设相应阳性和阴性对照组，分别在有和无代谢活化系统开展2次重复试验，测定试验菌的回变菌落数；在小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验中，黄丝藻粉剂量按小鼠体重分为5.0、2.5、1.25 g/kg共3组，另设阳性（环磷酰胺）对照组和阴性（1%羧甲基纤维素溶液）对照组，灌胃给药，一定期限后分别测定试验小鼠的骨髓细胞微核率及精子畸形率和精子畸形种类。结果：Ames试验中，选取的4株沙门菌的平均回变菌落数均未超过阴性对照组的2倍，且无剂量-反应关系；小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验中，黄丝藻粉各剂量组与阴性对照组相比，均无显著性差异（P＞0.05），各试验组之间亦无剂量-反应关系。综上，黄丝藻粉致突变试验结果均为阴性，可判定受试物黄丝藻粉无致突变作用。

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the potential mutagenicity of Tribonema powder extracts as a feed additive through the Ames test, micronucleus test and sperm deformity test. In the Ames test, substance dose groups were set as 5.0, 1.0, 0.2, 0.04, 0.008 mg/dish. Positive control groups and negative control (sterile water) were set. Each treatment was set with two series of metabolic activation system (+S9) and non-metabolic activation system (-S9), in order to determine the number of returning mutant colonies of test bacteria. Each dose group had two replicates in each dish. In both the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and the sperm abnormality test, the test substance was administered at three dose levels: 5.0, 2.5, and 1.25 g/kg. Concurrently, the positive control (cyclophosphamide) and the negative control (1% carboxymethyl cellulose solution) groups were established, and the sperm abnormality rate and types were counted. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average number of revertant colonies in the Ames test was less than twice that in the negative control group, and they were in absent dose-response relationship. The micronucleus rate of bone marrow and sperm aberration rate showed no significant effect (P＞0.05) with the negative control group. The mutagenic test results were all negative.

关键词

黄丝藻粉 / 致突变作用 / Ames试验 / 小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验 / 小鼠精子畸变试验

Key words

Tribonema powder / mutagenicity / Ames test / micronucleus test / sperm deformity test

参考文献

[1] 韦芊含, 雷伟伟, 陈昕, 等． 饲用黄丝藻粉的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验[J]． 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(5)： 1602-1610．

[2] 靳玲品, 李双群, 李秀花． 海藻饲料的营养及其在养殖业中的应用[J]． 畜牧与兽医, 2008, 40(1)： 55-56．

[3] 刘娟． 黄丝藻粉的致突变及致畸作用研究[D]． 扬州： 扬州大学, 2019．

[4] 吴立军, 袁红云, 张洪鹏． 开发海洋生物资源促进饲料工业发展[J]． 当代畜禽养殖业, 2006, 26(12)： 15-18．

[5] 王昌义, 单守水, 徐世艾． 预消化法酶解饲用海藻粉中非淀粉多糖的初步研究[J]． 饲料工业, 2012, 33(2)： 44-48．

[6] 张德晨． 海藻是畜禽优良的饲料添加剂[J]． 养殖技术顾问, 2001(9)： 18．

[7] RODRIGUES R T, MORAIS P V, NORDICS F, et al. Carbon nanotubes and algal polysaccharides to enhance the enzymatic properties of urease in lipid Langmuir-blodgett films[J]. Langmuir, 2018, 34(9): 3082-3093.

[8] 张媛, 肖宜容, 陈怡梦, 等． 饲用五环三萜提取物的致突变试验[J]． 饲料研究, 2023, 46(9)： 66-70．

[9] 薛艳丽． 一种新型饲料添加剂：海藻粉[J]． 兽药与饲料添加剂, 2007, 12(6)： 13-14．

[10] 刘纯仁． 海藻饲料添加剂[J]． 中国饲料, 1996(7)： 34-35．

[11] 黄罗冬, 申佩弘, 赵伟, 等． 一株黄丝藻及其培养方法和制备的功能性饲料：CN116218679AP[P]． 2023-06-02．

[12] 王忠艳． 不同梯度海藻粉对美国鹧鸪代谢及体重的影响[J]． 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2004(8)： 66-67．

[13] 宋燕华, 蔡德雷, 严峻, 等． 二氧化氯消毒液的致突变性研究[J]． 浙江预防医学, 2006, 18(5)： 11-13．

[14] CLAXTON L D, DE AUMBURZEIRO G, DEMARINI D M. The Salmonella mutagenicity assay: the stethoscope of genetic toxicology for the 21st century[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2010, 118(11): 1515-1522.

[15] 张峻铭, 高嫣珺, 陈秀云, 等． 白术提取物的遗传毒性研究[J]． 饲料工业, 2025, 46(2)： 35-39．

[16] 黄勤, 黄幸纾． 小鼠精子畸形试验在毒理学上的应用[J]． 浙江医科大学学报, 1986, 15(4)： 182-186．