反向遗传学在细小病毒致病机制研究中的应用

Application of reverse genetic in studying the pathogenic mechanism of parvovirus

摘要

细小病毒是一类单链DNA病毒，可感染包括无脊椎动物和脊椎动物在内的多种宿主，对畜牧业可持续发展和公共卫生安全构成严重威胁。该病毒的致病机制涉及对宿主细胞的直接损伤、免疫调节异常及细胞周期调控等多个方面。反向遗传操作技术通过构建病毒感染性克隆并结合基因编辑手段，为深入解析细小病毒的致病机制提供了关键研究方法。本文综述了反向遗传操作技术在细小病毒蛋白与核酸功能研究中的应用，重点探讨了该技术在揭示病毒致病机制方面的作用，以期为深化对细小病毒致病机制的理解以及开发新型抗病毒策略和疫苗提供理论参考。

Abstract

Parvoviruses are single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including both invertebrates and vertebrates, posing a major threat to sustainable livestock production and public health security. Their pathogenicity involves direct damage to host cells, dysregulation of immune responses, and disruption of cell cycle control. Reverse genetics systems, through the construction of infectious clones and the application of gene editing tools, have provided key methodologies for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of parvoviruses. This review summarizes the application of reverse genetics in studying the functions of parvoviral proteins and nucleic acids, with a focus on its role in uncovering viral pathogenesis. The aim is to offer theoretical insights for further understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of parvoviruses and for developing novel antiviral strategies and vaccines.

关键词

细小病毒 / 反向遗传学 / 致病机制 / 结构蛋白 / 非结构蛋白

Key words

parvovirus / reverse genetics / pathogenic mechanism / structural proteins / non-structural proteins

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(32373001)

河北农业大学引进人才科研专项(YJ2021019)