DOI: 10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.01.016干旱区超渗-蓄满动态转化的分布式降雨径流模型研究

Study on distributed rainfall-runoff model based on dynamic transformation of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess runoff in arid basin

摘要

【目的】干旱区降水转化形成径流的过程复杂,准确刻画和模拟降雨-洪水过程是区域水文研究的重点。【方法】基于超渗-蓄满动态自适应转化建模思路,以土壤田间持水量与下渗能力为阈值,采用Green-Ampt模型(GA)、新安江模型(XAJ)以及考虑下垫面特性对汇流影响的“网格水滴”汇流方法(CW),建立了基于超渗-蓄满动态转化的分布式降雨-径流模型(GA-XAJ-CW Model,简称GX-CW模型)。以贺兰山东麓苏峪口沟流域为例,选择2013—2019年的10场降水,对模型进行率定和验证,并与分布式Green-Ampt(Grid-GA)模型进行对比。【结果】结果显示:考虑超渗-蓄满时空自适应转化的GX-CW模型模拟效果更好。模型率定期,洪峰相对误差在20%以内、峰现时间误差在1 h以内占比为80%,Nash效率系数均在0.7以上;验证期模型效果较率定期有所下降,洪峰相对误差在20%以内、峰现时间误差在1 h以内占比为60%,Nash效率系数在0.7以上占比为60%。【结论】GX-CW模型整体效果较Grid-GA有明显改善,降雨-产流过程解析更清楚,在干旱区小流域山洪模拟方面有较好的应用前景。

Abstract

[Objective] The process of converting precipitation into runoff in arid regions is intricate, and accurately characterizing and simulating flood process triggered by rainfall presents a significant challenge for regional hydrological research. [Methods] A distributed rainfall-runoff model, designated as the GA-XAJ-CW model (hereafter referred to as the GX-CW model), was developed based on the adaptive transformation of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess runoff. This model takes soil field capacity and infiltration capacity as discriminant thresholds, and integrates the Green-Ampt model(GA), the Xin'anjiang model(XAJ), and a confluence method based on grid water drops(CW). For model calibration and validation, ten precipitation events that occurred between 2013 and 2019 in the Suyukougou watershed, situated at the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain, were selected. The distributed Green-Ampt(Grid-GA) model served as a comparative benchmark. [Results] The result indicate that the GX-CW model, which is based on the adaptive transformation of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess runoff, has a better simulation effect. During the model calibration process, 80% of the fields exhibited relative flood errors within 20% and peak timing errors within 1 hour, with all achieving a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency(NSE) exceeding 0. 7. In the model validation phase, the performance was somewhat diminished compared to the calibration phase; however, 60% of the fields still maintained relative flood errors within 20% and peak timing errors within 1 hour, with 60% achieving a NSE above 0. 7. [Conclusion] Overall, the GX-CW model demonstrated significantly superior performance compared to the Grid-GA model,providing enhanced insights into rainfall-runoff processes. This model exhibits promising potential for simulating flash flood events in small catchments in arid regions.

关键词

超渗蓄满动态组合 / 山洪预报 / 干旱区 / 网格水滴法 / 分布式水文模型 / 径流 / 降雨 / 数值模拟

Key words

dynamic combination of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess runoff / flash flood forecasting / arid region / confluence method based on grid water drops / distributed hydrological model / runoff / rainfall / numerical simulation

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3206700)

宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2024BEG02034)

宁夏智能数字预报技术研究与应用科技创新团队(2024CXTD006)

宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才(2021GKLRLX05)

清华大学———宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院联合开放基金(sklhse-2024-low01)