黏土场地—海上风电单筒基础地震响应试验研究

Seismic response test of single-bucket foundation for offshore wind turbine in clay site

摘要

为系统研究海上风电单筒基础在黏土场地中的地震响应，开展了黏土场地—海上风电单筒基础体系振动台试验，研究了黏土场地—海上风电单筒基础体系受常态风、浪、流荷载和风、浪、流、地震荷载共同作用下的动力响应。通过分析地基土和结构的地震动力响应，探究单筒基础在黏土场地中的失效模式。结果表明，长期的风、浪、流等环境荷载使筒基础周围和内部的土体刚度发生改变，其对于筒内土体的影响更大，软化程度高于筒外侧土体。小震作用下，黏土场地中的海上风机—筒基础体系表现较好，地基土体未出现软化，结构的水平位移和沉降较小，风机体系可以正常工作。在强震作用下，筒中心和筒周围土体发生软化，黏土的软化导致地基失去承载能力，筒基础逐步沉降且发生不可恢复性倾斜，最终体系失效。与筒中心相比，筒周围土体的软化更为明显。在遭遇强震时，海上风机—筒基础体系的安全性无法得到保障，黏土场地中筒基础的使用值得关注。

Abstract

To systematically study the seismic response of single-bucket foundations for offshore wind turbines in clay sites，a shaking table test of the clay site-offshore wind turbine single-bucket foundation system was conducted． The dynamic responses of the system under the combined action of normal wind，wave，current loads and wind， wave，current and seismic loads were investigated．By analyzing the seismic dynamic responses of the soil and structure，the failure modes of the single-bucket foundation in clay sites were explored．The results show that the long-term environmental loads such as wind，waves and current cause stiffness changes of the soil around and inside the bucket foundation，which exert a greater influence on the soil inside the bucket with a higher soil softening degree than the outside soil．Under the action of small earthquakes，the offshore wind turbine-bucket foundation system in clay sites performs well，no soil softening occurs，the horizontal displacements and settlements of the structure are small，and the wind turbine system can operate normally．Under the action of strong earthquakes，the soil at the center and around the bucket softens，and the softening of the clay leads to the loss of bearing capacity of the soil，the bucket foundation gradually settles and undergoes irreversible tilting，and the system eventually fails． Compared with the center of the bucket，the softening of the soil around the bucket is more obvious．When encountering strong earthquakes，the safety of the offshore wind turbine-bucket foundation system cannot be guaranteed，and the engineering application of bucket foundations in clay sites deserves attention．

关键词

单筒基础 / 地震响应 / 振动台试验 / 失效模式 / 黏土场地

Key words

single-bucket foundation / seismic response / shaking table test / failure modes / clay site

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基金资助

国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52225807)

中国长江三峡集团项目(NBZZ202200447)