冬季低温下两个槲栎品种的生理响应及其抗寒性评价

Physiological response and frost hardiness evaluation of two Quercus aliena cultivars under low temperature in winter

摘要

【目的】评价冬季低温下‘秋韵’（红）和‘金榜题名’（黄）两个槲栎品种的生理响应及抗寒性，为槲栎新品种在不同地区的推广应用提供理论参考。【方法】采集不同时期北京地区两槲栎品种的枝条和芽，采用电导率法测定枝条抗寒性，盐酸−甲醇法测定枝条和芽的花青苷含量。采用福林酚法测定枝条的总酚含量，PVPP沉淀法测定非单宁酚类含量，香草醛−盐酸法测定缩合单宁含量（CT），从总酚含量中减去非单宁酚类物质和CT含量获得水解单宁（HT）含量。分析探究槲栎枝条抗寒性与花青苷、HT之间的关系。【结果】（1）2023年12月19日时‘秋韵’枝条的半致死温度（LT₅₀）为−47.9 ℃，‘金榜题名’为−53.2 ℃；2024年1月5日时‘秋韵’品种枝条的LT₅₀为−47.8 ℃，‘金榜题名’为−48.4 ℃，均为‘金榜题名’抗寒性高于‘秋韵’。（2）槲栎枝条中的花青苷含量随外界环境温度下降而升高，12月19日最低温时‘秋韵’花青苷含量显著高于‘金榜题名’；芽中的花青苷含量则呈相反趋势。（3）槲栎休眠枝条内的单宁类型主要为HT。进入休眠期时，‘金榜题名’HT显著高于‘秋韵’，此时枝条HT和抗寒性表型相符。【结论】（1）两槲栎品种均具有较强的抗寒性，‘金榜题名’抗寒性略强于‘秋韵’。（2）两槲栎品种抗寒能力差异与休眠初期HT相关，槲栎体内高含量的HT可能在提高槲栎枝条抗寒性中发挥重要作用。研究首次评价了冬季低温下两个槲栎品种的花青苷和水解单宁响应及其抗寒性，并初步发现休眠期抗寒性与HT相关，研究结论对于解析苗木抗寒性状形成机制具有重要意义。

Abstract

[Objective] To evaluating the physiological response and frost hardiness of two Quercus aliena cultivars ‘Qiuyun’ (red) and ‘Jinbangtiming’ (yellow) under low temperature in winter, and provide a theoretical reference for the promotion and application of new cultivars of Q. aliena in different regions. [Method] Branches and buds of two cultivars of Q. aliena from Beijing were collected at different stages. The frost hardiness of branches was determined by the conductivity method, and the anthocyanin content in branches and buds was determined by the hydrochloric acid-methanol method. The total phenolic content in branches was determined by the Folin phenol method, the non-tannin phenolic content was determined by the PVPP precipitation method, and the condensed tannin (CT) content was determined by the vanillin-hydrochloric acid method. The hydrolysable tannin (HT) content was obtained by subtracting the non-tannin phenolic content and CT content from the total phenolic content. The association between the frost hardiness of branches and anthocyanin and tannin content was analyzed. [Result] (1) On December 19, 2023, the semi-lethal temperature (LT₅₀) values of ‘Qiuyun’ and ‘Jinbangtiming’ branches were −47.9 ℃ and −53.2 ℃, respectively. On January 5, 2024, the LT₅₀ values of ‘Qiuyun’ and ‘Jinbangtiming’ branches had shifted to −47.8 ℃ and −48.4 ℃, respectively. These results indicate that ‘Jinbangtiming’ exhibited higher frost hardiness compared to ‘Qiuyun’. (2) The anthocyanin content in Q. aliena branches increased as ambient temperatures decreased. On December 19, at the lowest recorded temperature, the anthocyanin content in ‘Qiuyun’ was significantly higher than in ‘Jinbangtiming’. Conversely, the anthocyanin content in buds followed an opposite trend. (3) During dormancy, the predominant type of tannin in Q. aliena branches was HT. When ‘Jinbangtiming’ entered dormancy, its HT was significantly higher than that of ‘Qiuyun’. At this stage, the HT and frost hardiness phenotype of the branches are consistent. [Conclusion] (1) Both Q. aliena cultivars exhibit strong frost hardiness, with ‘Jinbangtiming’ demonstrating superior cold tolerance compared to ‘Qiuyun’. (2) The variation of frost hardiness between two cultivars of Q. aliena was associated with HT in the early dormant stage. High levels of HT in Q. aliena may play a critical role in enhancing the frost hardiness of branches. This study represents the first evaluation of the response of anthocyanin and hydrolysable tannin, as well as the frost hardiness, of two Q. aliena varieties under low winter temperatures. The findings preliminarily contribute significantly to understanding the mechanisms underlying frost hardiness in seedlings.

关键词

槲栎 / 抗寒性 / 水解单宁 / 花青苷

Key words

Quercus aliena / frost hardiness / hydrolysable tannin / anthocyanin

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2200302)

北京林业大学5·5工程科研创新团队项目(BLRC2023B08)