采伐强度对次生阔叶红松林森林质量的长期影响

Long term effects of thinning intensities on forest quality in secondary broadleaved Korean pine forest

摘要

【目的】以 12 年连续定位监测探究采伐强度对次生阔叶红松林森林质量的长期影响，构建科学的森林质量评价体系，明确不同采伐强度下林分质量恢复规律，为该林分可持续经营提供理论依据与技术参考。【方法】以吉林蛟河林业实验管理局 4 hm² 次生阔叶红松林为研究对象，设置 4 种采伐处理：对照（CK，0%）、轻度采伐（LT，约 15%）、中度采伐（MT，约 30%）、重度采伐（HT，约 50%）。从森林生产力、结构、更新、物种多样性及健康 5 个维度选取 21 项指标，采用层次分析法确定指标权重，构建森林质量评价体系，对比分析采伐前及采伐后 12 年的森林质量变化，探究不同采伐强度对次生阔叶红松林的影响，确定最有助于森林恢复的采伐强度。【结果】采伐后 12 年，4 种处理的森林质量指数分别为 0.808，0.888，0.860，0.793。LT 处理的森林质量指数最高，且较采伐前提升 14.7%，其年均蓄积量增长量最高、枯死木比例最低，森林更新、物种多样性及健康指标均优于 CK 处理；MT 处理目标树种蓄积量占比提升 8.95%，但森林生产力评分较低，采伐后 10 年森林质量恢复至伐前水平；HT 处理对森林生态系统干扰显著，短期内难以恢复，但可促进森林更新，12 年后森林质量指数恢复至伐前水平。【结论】轻度采伐（15% 左右）能显著提升次生阔叶红松林综合质量，生态恢复效果最优，可作为东北地区阔叶红松林经营的适宜抚育采伐强度。

Abstract

[Objective] Based on 12 years of continuous fixed-position monitoring, this study investigates the long-term effects of thinning intensity on the forest quality of a secondary broad-leaved Korean pine forest. It aims to construct a scientific forest quality evaluation system, clarify the recovery patterns of stand quality under different thinning intensities, and provide a theoretical basis and technical references for the sustainable management of this forest type. [Method] A 4-hectare secondary broadleaved Korean pine forest plot in the Jiaohe Forestry Experiment Bureau, Jilin Province, served as the research site. Four thinning treatments were established: control (CK, 0%), light thinning (LT, approximately 15%), moderate thinning (MT, approximately 30%), and heavy thinning (HT, approximately 50%). A forest quality evaluation system was constructed by selecting 21 indicators across five dimensions: forest productivity, structure, regeneration, species diversity, and health. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine indicator weights. Forest quality was assessed before thinning and 12 years post-thinning to analyze changes under different intensities and identify the optimal thinning threshold for forest recovery. [Result] Twelve years after thinning, the forest quality indices for the four treatments were 0.808, 0.888, 0.860, and 0.793. The forest quality index of the LT treatment was the highest, representing a 14.7% increase compared to the pre-logging level. The LT treatment also showed the highest mean annual volume increment, the lowest proportion of deadwood, and superior performance in forest regeneration, species diversity, and health indicators compared to the CK treatment. The MT treatment increased the volume proportion of target tree species by 8.95%, but its forest productivity score was relatively low, with forest quality recovering to the pre-logging level approximately 10 years post-logging. The HT treatment caused significant disturbance to the forest ecosystem, making short-term recovery difficult, although it promoted forest regeneration, with quality recovering to the pre-logging level after 12 years. [Conclusion] Light thinning (around 15%) can significantly enhance the comprehensive quality of secondary broad-leaved Korean pine forests, representing the optimal ecological restoration effect. A light thinning intensity of approximately 15% is recommended as an appropriate tending intensity for managing these forests in northeast China.

关键词

采伐强度 / 次生阔叶红松林 / 森林质量 / 林分生长 / 长期监测

Key words

cutting intensity / broadleaved Korean pine forest / forest quality / stand growth / long-term monitoring

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFD2201003)