染色体加倍对河北杨生长生理及材质性状的影响

Effects of chromosome doubling on growth, physiological traits and wood properties of Populus hopeiensis

摘要

【目的】比较河北杨二倍体及其同源四倍体在生长、生理和材质性状上的差异，揭示染色体加倍对上述性状的影响规律。【方法】以1年生不同基因型（BT1、BT3、BT8）的河北杨二倍体及其同源四倍体为研究对象，测定苗高、地径、节间距及叶片性状；利用光合仪测定净光合速率、蒸腾速率等光合生理参数；采用两步酸水解法结合高效液相色谱与紫外−可见光谱法，测定苗木茎秆的木质素与纤维素含量。【结果】（1）四倍体的苗高和地径生长量均显著低于二倍体，而节间距显著高于二倍体。四倍体的叶片长、宽、面积及厚度均大于二倍体，但叶片长宽比低于二倍体。（2）四倍体的净光合速率高于相应二倍体植株，而蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO₂浓度均低于相应二倍体植株。（3）四倍体的木质素含量低于相应二倍体，而纤维素含量则高于相应二倍体。（4）倍性水平对河北杨1年生苗木的苗高、地径、节间距、叶片长、叶片宽、叶片长宽比、叶片面积、叶片厚度、木质素含量及纤维素含量均具有极显著影响（ P < 0.001）。【结论】染色体加倍显著影响河北杨的生长、生理与材质性状。本研究结果对于深化理解基因剂量效应对林木生长发育和材质形成的影响具有重要意义。

Abstract

[Objective] To investigate the regulatory effects of chromosome doubling on growth, physiological traits, and wood properties of Populus hopeiensis, diploids and their autotetraploids were compared. [Method] Taking one-year-old diploids and their corresponding autotetraploids derived from different genotypes (BT1, BT3, BT8) as the research objects, we measured the plant height, basal ground diameter, internode length and leaf traits. Photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were determined using a photosynthesis analyzer. The lignin and cellulose content of seedling stems were estimated via the two-step acid hydrolysis method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. [Result] (1) The plant height and basal ground diameter of the autotetraploids were lower than those of the diploids, while the internode length of the autotetraploids was higher than those of the diploids. The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and leaf thickness of the autotetraploids were higher than those of the diploids, while the leaf length-width ratio of the autotetraploids was lower than that of the diploids. (2) The net photosynthetic rate of the autotetraploids was higher than that of their corresponding diploids, while the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration of the autotetraploids were lower than those of the diploids. (3) The lignin content of the autotetraploids was lower than that of their corresponding diploids, while the cellulose content of the autotetraploids was higher than that of the diploids. (4) Ploidy level had an extremely significant effect on the plant height, basal ground diameter, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length-width ratio, leaf area, leaf thickness, lignin content and cellulose content of one-year-old Populus hopeiensis seedlings (P < 0.001). [Conclusion] Chromosome doubling has significant effects on the growth, physiological traits, and wood properties of the forest tree Populus hopeiensis. The results play an important role in the recognition of gene dosage effects on the development and timber formation.

关键词

河北杨 / 染色体加倍 / 生长性状 / 生理性状 / 材质性状

Key words

Populus hopeiensis / chromosome doubling / growth trait / physiological trait / wood property

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2021YFD220120503)