马尾松人工林林隙大小对土壤理化性质的影响及土壤质量评价

Effects of forest gap size on soil physicochemical properties and soil quality in Pinus massoniana plantations

摘要

【目的】探讨林隙大小对土壤质量的影响，以期为优化土壤养分管理和促进森林更新提供科学依据。【方法】以江西省兴国县受松材线虫病干扰形成的马尾松人工林林隙为研究对象，按径高比将林隙大小从低到高划分为Ⅰ ~ Ⅴ 5 个等级并在相邻郁闭林分设置对照，根据边缘木冠幅将林隙内部划为中心区、过渡区和边缘区，分析表层（0 ~ 10 cm）和亚表层（10 ~ 20 cm）土壤理化性质及其化学计量比在不同等级林隙间的差异以及两者间的关系，并计算土壤质量指数进行综合评价。【结果】（1）Ⅴ级林隙表层和亚表层土壤含水量显著高于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级林隙，且Ⅱ级林隙非毛管孔隙度在表层显著高于Ⅰ级林隙而在亚表层则显著高于Ⅴ级林隙（ P < 0.05）。（2）Ⅳ级林隙的表层和亚表层土壤全磷含量以及亚表层土壤全钾含量均显著高于Ⅴ级林隙，且Ⅱ ~ Ⅴ级林隙表层土壤全钾含量显著低于对照（ P < 0.05）。（3）边缘区和过渡区的表层土壤 C∶P 和 N∶P 值显著高于中心区，且Ⅳ级林隙亚表层土壤 C∶N 值和表层土壤 N∶P 值显著高于对照（ P < 0.05）。（4）随林隙大小等级升高，土壤碳氮磷化学计量比与土壤理化性质之间显著相关的指标组合数量总体呈先减后增趋势。（5）林隙表层和亚表层土壤质量指数范围分别为 0.37 ~ 0.45 和 0.27 ~ 0.36，不同等级林隙间的土壤质量指数无显著差异（ P > 0.05）。【结论】Ⅳ级林隙在改善土壤磷钾含量方面表现相对较优，是研究区马尾松人工林土壤养分优化的较适宜林隙尺度。

Abstract

[Objective] Investigating the effects of forest gap size on soil quality provides a scientific basis for optimizing soil nutrient management and promoting forest regeneration. [Method] This study examined forest gaps formed by pine wood nematode disturbance in Pinus massoniana plantations in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province, China. Gaps were classified into five classes (Ⅰ−Ⅴ, small to large) based on diameter-to-height ratio, with adjacent closed-canopy stands as controls. According to the crown width of edge trees, each gap was further divided into a central zone, a transitional zone, and an edge zone. We analyzed physicochemical properties and stoichiometric ratios in surface (0−10 cm) and subsurface (10−20 cm) soils for differences among gap classes and interrelationships, and calculated the soil quality index for comprehensive evaluation. [Result] (1) Soil water content in both the surface and sub-surface layers of Class Ⅴ gaps was significantly higher than that in Class Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ gaps (P < 0.05). Non-capillary porosity in Class II gaps was significantly higher than in Class Ⅰ gaps in the surface layer and significantly higher than in Class Ⅴ gaps in the sub-surface layer (P < 0.05). (2) Total phosphorus content in both layers of Class Ⅳ gaps was significantly higher than in Class Ⅴ gaps, and total potassium content in the sub-surface layer of Class Ⅳ gaps was significantly higher than in Class V gaps (P < 0.05). Total potassium content in the surface layer of Class Ⅱ ~ Ⅴ gaps was significantly lower than in the control (P < 0.05). (3) In the surface layer, C∶P and N∶P ratios in the edge and transition zones were significantly higher than in the central zone (P < 0.05). In ClassⅣ gaps, the sub-surface C∶N ratio and surface N∶P ratio were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.05). (4) As gap size class increased, the overall number of significantly correlated index combinations between soil C, N, and P stoichiometric ratios and soil physical and chemical properties showed a decreasing trend. (5) Soil quality index values in the surface and sub-surface layers of the gaps ranged from 0.37 ~ 0.45 and 0.27 ~ 0.36, respectively. There were no significant differences in soil quality index among different gap size classes (P > 0.05). [Conclusion] Class Ⅳ gaps performed relatively better in improving soil phosphorus and potassium content, and represent a more suitable gap scale for optimizing soil nutrients in P. massoniana plantations in the study area.

关键词

林隙大小 / 土壤理化性质 / 化学计量比 / 土壤质量 / 马尾松人工林

Key words

forest gap size / soil physicochemical properties / stoichiometric ratios / soil quality / Pinus massoniana plantations

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32260392)

国家自然科学基金项目(32360389)

江西省林业局科技创新项目(创新项目 [2025]22 号)