天山重齿小蠹引诱剂筛选与诱捕技术研究

Screening of attractants and trapping technology of Ips hauseri

摘要

【目的】天山重齿小蠹是新疆哈密地区云杉天然林的重要蛀干害虫，通过不同聚集信息素引诱剂、诱捕器类型、诱捕器悬挂高度及悬挂位置林间试验，优化天山重齿小蠹诱捕技术。【方法】在新疆天山东部国有林管理局哈密分局西黑沟云杉林开展 13 种不同聚集信息素引诱剂筛选、不同诱捕器类型（十字交叉型、窗型和漏斗型）、不同诱捕器悬挂高度（0.5、1.0、1.5 m）、距林缘不同悬挂距离（5、50、100 m）等林间诱捕试验，比较分析不同处理对天山重齿小蠹成虫的诱集效果。【结果】引诱剂筛选结果表明，活性成分为小蠹烯醇的引诱剂 I 对天山重齿小蠹具有良好的林间诱捕效果，在此基础上优化的小蠹烯醇引诱剂 (L) 和改良引诱剂 4(M) 2 种引诱剂具有更优的林间诱捕效果和持效期。3 种不同类型诱捕器对天山重齿小蠹诱捕数量存在差异，十字交叉型诱捕器诱捕量显著高于漏斗型诱捕器，其次为窗型诱捕器。诱捕器悬挂距离地面 0.5、1.0 和 1.5 m 3 种不同悬挂高度对天山重齿小蠹的诱捕数量无显著差异。距离林缘 100 m 范围内悬挂诱捕器均可诱集到天山重齿小蠹。但不同距离诱捕效果存在差异，距离林缘越近诱捕效果越好。【结论】林间诱捕时，采用小蠹烯醇引诱剂 (L) 和改良引诱剂 4(M)，十字交叉型诱捕器，诱捕器悬挂高度距地面 0.5 ~ 1.5 m，林缘悬挂时距林缘 5 m，可取得良好诱捕效果。研究结果为利用诱捕技术防控天山重齿小蠹的危害提供了科学依据。

Abstract

[Objective] Ips hauseri is a kind of significant stem-boring pest affecting spruce forests in the Hami region of Xinjiang, northwestern China. Through field experiments involving different aggregation pheromone attractants, trap types, hanging heights and positions of traps, this paper aims to explore the trapping technology of I. hauseri. [Method] Different field experiments, including evaluated thirteen varied aggregation pheromone lures, three types of traps (cross-vane, window-pane, and funnel traps), three trap placement heights (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m aboveground), and three placement distances from the forest edge (5, 50 and 100 m) were conducted in the Picea asperata forest at Xiheigou, Hami Branch of State-Owned Forest Management Bureau of East Tianshan in Xinjiang of northwestern China. The trapping efficacy for adult I. hauseri of different treatment groups was compared and analyzed. [Result] The results of attractant screening showed that attractant I, containing the active component ipsenol, had a satisfactory field trapping efficacy on I. hauseri. On this basis, the two optimized attractants L and M exhibited better field trapping efficacy and effective duration. Significant differences were observed in the trapped number of I. hauseri among the three trap types. The trap catch of cross-vane trap was significantly higher than that of the funnel trap, followed by the window trap. No significant difference was found in trap catches among three placement heights (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m). I. hauseri could be trapped when traps were hung within 100 m from the forest edge. However, trapping efficacy varied with distance, and the trapping effect improved as the distance from the forest edge decreased. [Conclusion] During forest trapping, the use of attractants L and M with a cross-shaped trap, suspends at a height of 0.5−1.5 m above ground level, and places 5 m from the forest edge when deploys along the forest boundary, can achieve effective trapping results. These findings provide a scientific basis for utilizing trapping techniques to control infestations of I. hauseri in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang of northwestern China.

关键词

天山重齿小蠹 / 引诱剂 / 诱捕器类型 / 诱捕效果

Key words

Ips hauseri / attractants / trap types / trapping efficacy

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基金资助

新疆天山东部国有林管理局云杉小蠹防控项目(NO.2025006)