华北落叶松人工林土壤真菌群落的纬度格局及其影响因素

Latitudinal patterns of soil fungal communities and their influencing factors in Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations

摘要

【目的】研究纬度梯度上华北落叶松人工林土壤真菌群落结构和多样性特征及其环境影响，为人工林生态管理与森林健康评估提供科学依据。【方法】本研究以华北落叶松人工林为对象，沿纬向梯度选择 8 个典型样点，每个样点设置 3 个样地，每个样地按 0 ~ 10 cm、10 ~ 20 cm 及 20 ~ 30 cm 3 个土层采集土壤样品，测定其理化性质，并基于高通量测序技术测定土壤真菌群落组成，进而分析土壤真菌群落组成与多样性沿纬度的变化格局及其与环境因子的关系。【结果】（1）华北落叶松人工林土壤真菌群落以子囊菌门和担子菌门为主要优势类群，丝盖伞属为共同优势属，不同土层和样点间优势属组成及相对丰度差异明显，群落组成表现出较强的空间异质性。（2）真菌 Alpha 多样性无显著的纬度变化趋势，而 Beta 多样性存在显著的纬度差异（P < 0.01），二者在不同土层间均呈现不同的波动趋势。（3）相关性及冗余分析表明，年均降水量、年均气温、海拔、林分郁闭度、pH 和全磷是影响真菌群落结构特征的主要驱动因子；土壤真菌 Alpha 多样性指数主要受到土壤含水量、海拔、黏粒含量和速效钾的影响。0 ~ 10 cm 和 10 ~ 20 cm 土层土壤真菌对土壤理化因子的敏感性高于 20 ~ 30 cm 土层。【结论】Alpha 多样性沿纬度无显著变化，Beta 多样性及群落结构沿纬度分异；优势门组成稳定，优势属组成及相对丰度空间异质性明显。年均降水量、年均气温、海拔、林分郁闭度、土壤 pH、全磷、土壤含水量、黏粒含量和速效钾是影响华北落叶松人工林土壤真菌群落结构与多样性空间变化的主要环境因子，也是其纬度分异的重要驱动因素。研究结果为理解华北落叶松人工林土壤真菌群落的纬度响应特征及其环境驱动机制提供了理论参考。

Abstract

[Objective] This study investigates the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities inLarix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations along a latitudinal gradient and examines their environmental drivers, aiming to provide a scientific basis for plantation ecosystem management and forest health assessment. [Method] This study focused onLarix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations. Eight typical sampling sites were selected along a latitudinal gradient, with three plots established at each site. Soil samples were collected from three depths of 0−10 cm, 10−20 cm, and 20−30 cm in each plot. Soil physicochemical properties were measured, and soil fungal community composition was determined using high-throughput sequencing. The variation patterns of soil fungal community composition and diversity along the latitudinal gradient and their relationships with environmental factors were then analyzed. [Result] (1) The soil fungal communities inLarix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations were mainly dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with Inocybe as a common dominant genus. The composition and relative abundance of dominant genera varied markedly among soil depths and sampling sites, indicating strong spatial heterogeneity in community composition; (2) Fungal alpha diversity showed no significant latitudinal trend, whereas beta diversity exhibited significant latitudinal differences (P < 0.01); both displayed different patterns of variation among soil layers; (3) Correlation and redundancy analyses showed that mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, altitude, stand canopy closure, pH, and total phosphorus were among the main driving factors shaping fungal community structure. The alpha diversity indices of soil fungi were mainly affected by soil water content, altitude, clay content, and readily available potassium. Soil fungi in the 0−10 cm and 10−20 cm layers were more sensitive to soil physicochemical factors than those in the 20−30 cm layer. [Conclusion] Alpha diversity showed no significant latitudinal trend, whereas beta diversity and community structure differed along the latitudinal gradient; the composition of dominant phyla remained stable, while the composition and relative abundance of dominant genera exhibited marked spatial heterogeneity. Mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, altitude, stand canopy closure, soil pH, total phosphorus, soil water content, clay content, and readily available potassium were the main environmental factors driving the spatial variation in soil fungal community structure and diversity inLarix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations, and also represented important drivers of their latitudinal differentiation. These findings provide a theoretical reference for understanding the latitudinal response patterns of soil fungal communities in Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations and their underlying environmental driving mechanisms.

关键词

华北落叶松人工林 / 土壤真菌群落 / 纬度梯度 / 环境因子

Key words

Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii plantations / soil fungal community / latitudinal gradient / environmental factors

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200501)

国家自然科学基金项目(32572057)