栗属植物基因组学研究进展

Advances and prospects in genomic research of Castanea genus

摘要

栗属植物是兼具重要生态与经济价值的经济林木，因其高杂合度、重复序列比例高、基因组较大等特点，其基因组学研究相对滞后。近年来，随着高通量测序、长读长测序及三维基因组学等技术快速发展，推动了栗属植物基因组学基础研究及其分子育种应用的突破。本文系统综述了栗属植物高质量基因组组装、功能基因挖掘、性状分子机制解析及物种演化分析等研究进展，整合了栗属不同物种的基因组特征、关键功能基因与遗传位点鉴定、系统发育关系及物种分化历程等重要成果，重点梳理了与抗病抗虫、果实品质形成及环境适应性相关的分子调控基础。在此基础上，归纳了栗属分子育种技术的应用进展，结合当前研究瓶颈与技术发展态势，对泛基因组精准构建、多组学整合分析、基因编辑技术优化及保护基因组学应用等前沿方向进行了探讨，以期为栗属种质资源遗传改良与产业可持续发展提供理论参考。

Abstract

Species of the genus Castanea are ecologically and economically significant woody plants. Historically, their genomic research has lagged due to inherent genetic complexities, including large genome sizes, high levels of heterozygosity, and a high proportion of repetitive sequences. In recent years, the rapid evolution of high-throughput sequencing, long-read sequencing, and three-dimensional (3D) genomics has catalyzed breakthroughs in both fundamental research and molecular breeding applications. This paper systematically reviews the recent progress in high-quality genome assembly, functional gene discovery, the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying key traits, and evolutionary analysis within the genus Castanea. We integrate and compare genomic characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and speciation histories across various species, focusing on the molecular regulatory basis of biotic resistance, fruit quality formation, and environmental adaptability. Furthermore, the application of molecular breeding technologies in Castanea is summarized. Addressing current research bottlenecks, we discuss future frontiers such as precise pangenome construction, multi-omics integration, optimization of gene-editing technologies, and the implementation of conservation genomics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Castanea germplasm and the sustainable development of the chestnut industry.

关键词

栗属 / 基因组学 / 比较基因组学 / 功能基因组学 / 分子育种 / 泛基因组

Key words

Castanea / genomics / comparative genomics / functional genomics / molecular breeding / pan-genome

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基金资助

辽宁省林业与草原局2025年度依托国家林草局科技创新平台研发项目(LLC[2025]16)

辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(2025BS1717)

辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2025JH5/10400102)

辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(2025XKJS8568)