常规-非常规含油气系统模拟中的湖相烃源岩金管生烃动力学:应用、问题与展望
李志强 , 李慧勇 , 张中巧 , 张如才 , 杨传超 , 蒋军 , 张艳红
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6) : 2254 -2294.
常规-非常规含油气系统模拟中的湖相烃源岩金管生烃动力学:应用、问题与展望
Hydrocarbon Generation Kinetics of Lacustrine Source Rocks in Gold Tube Pyrolysis for Modeling of Conventional and Unconventional Petroleum Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives
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响应全国油气资源评价、成熟超级盆地精细勘探及页岩油研究领域的迫切需要,近年来黄金管热模拟已广泛应用于湖相烃源岩生烃动力学研究.为阐明湖相烃源岩金管生烃动力学参数外推至地质条件指导常规-非常规油气资源评价/勘探存在的技术风险,通过对渤海湾、松辽、塔里木和准噶尔等4个超级盆地23块湖相/倾油型煤源岩的生烃动力学参数进行地质条件外推结合湖相烃源岩金管/Rock⁃Eval热解平行实验,评述了金管体系生烃动力学参数标定、地质应用、校准和虚假补偿效应等问题.(1)生油动力学参数在地质应用时常出现低温阶段生油提前现象,与吸附烃残留、热解低温阶段缺少温度点、单指前因子模式标定动力学参数存在缺陷有关.(2)使用烃气质量/体积产率标定生气动力学参数时,需类比不同组分(C1、C2⁃5、C1⁃5、C6+)质量/体积产率曲线特征,以明确原油/重烃气裂解程度.(3)湖相烃源岩在生油窗生油转化率曲线陡倾,地温场差异显著影响生油量计算结果,石油资源评价需加强地温场研究;生气动力学参数应结合标定该参数时的气产率数据进行地质应用,但在过熟阶段高估了实际生气量;(4)使用含油饱和度指数(oil saturation index,OSI)-深度剖面校准生油动力学参数,可显著提升生油门限预测精度及游离烃(S1)含量评估的可靠性.(5)相同有机相源岩的不同动力学参数组合在实验室加热速率下可以预测相同反应速率(即虚假补偿效应),但在外推至地质条件/页岩油原位转化条件时会出现较大偏差,应加强与地质资料的对比和校准,尝试不固定/固定指前因子标定多组动力学参数.从油气勘探应用角度,未来应重视金管体系的初次裂解组分/原油裂解组分计量及其相关动力学参数表征方面的攻关探索.
In response to the urgent needs of national oil and gas resource evaluation, detailed exploration of mature super-basins and shale oil research, the gold-tube pyrolysis hydrocarbon generation kinetics technology has been widely applied in the study of lacustrine source rocks in recent years. To clarify the technical risks of extrapolating the gold-tube hydrocarbon generation kinetics parameters of lacustrine source rocks to geological conditions for guiding conventional and unconventional oil and gas resource evaluation and exploration, the hydrocarbon generation kinetics parameters of 23 lacustrine and oil-prone coal-measure rocks from four super-basins, namely the Bohai Bay, Songliao, Tarim and Junggar, were extrapolated to geological conditions and parallel gold-tube and Rock-Eval pyrolysis experiments were conducted on lacustrine source rocks. The issues of calibration, application, validation and false compensation effect of the gold-tube hydrocarbon generation kinetics parameters were discussed. (1) The oil generation kinetics parameters often show an early oil generation phenomenon at low temperatures in geological applications, which is related to the residual adsorbed hydrocarbons, the lack of temperature points in the low-temperature stage of pyrolysis, and the defects in the calibration of the kinetics parameters using the single pre-exponential factor model. (2) When calibrating the gas generation kinetics parameters using the mass or volume yield of hydrocarbons and gases, it is necessary to compare the mass or volume yield characteristics of different components (C1, C2-5, C1-5, C6+) to clarify the cracking degree of crude oil and heavy hydrocarbon gases. (3) The oil generation transformation rate curve of lacustrine source rocks in the oil generation window is steep, and the difference in geothermal fields significantly affects the calculation results of oil generation. The study of geothermal fields should be strengthened in petroleum resource evaluation. The gas generation kinetics parameters should be applied in geological terms in combination with the gas production rate data when calibrating the parameters, but overestimation of the actual gas generation volume occurs in the over-mature stage. (4) Using the oil saturation index (OSI)-depth profile to validate the oil generation kinetics parameters can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the oil generation threshold and the reliability of the assessment of the free hydrocarbons (S1) content. (5) Different combinations of kinetics parameters of the same organic phase source rocks can predict the same reaction rate (i.e., false compensation effect) under the heating rate in the laboratory, but there will be significant deviations when extrapolated to geological conditions or in-situ conversion conditions of shale oil. It is necessary to strengthen the comparison and calibration with geological data and attempt to calibrate multiple sets of kinetics parameters with unfixed or fixed pre-exponential factors. From the perspective of oil and gas exploration applications, future efforts should focus on the research and exploration of the measurement of primary cracking components/crude oil cracking components (mass conversion rate) and the characterization of related kinetics parameters in the gold-tube system.
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中海石油(中国)有限公司综合科研项目(KJZH⁃2024⁃2107)
中国海洋石油集团有限公司“十四·五”重大科技项目(KJGG2022⁃0401)
中海石油(中国)有限公司“七年行动计划” 重大科技项目(CNOOC⁃KJ135 ZDXM36TJ08TJ)
中国海洋石油集团有限公司科研平台建设项目(CNOOC⁃KJPT⁃GCJS⁃2020⁃01)
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