深海钻探技术现状及发展动态
The Development Status and Development Trends of Deep⁃Sea Drilling Technology
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在过去六十年,通过一系列深海钻探计划的实施,使我们对地球和海洋的认识取得了显著进步. 通过回顾深海钻探技术的发展和演化历程,探讨了动力定位、钻柱升沉补偿、钻孔重返、深水条件的泥浆循环以及各类型岩心采集等关键技术对深海钻探的支撑作用,结合我国在深海钻探技术攻关方面的战略部署,对在钻探试验航次中的使用情况以及在此过程中获得的科学经验和教训进行总结,同时基于“梦想”号大洋钻探船,提出了人工智能辅助、深海耐高温高压材料、高精度探测及高速通讯的深海钻探技术的重点发展方向,旨在为后续深海钻探技术研究和应用提供参考依据.
Over the past 60 years, the implementation of a series of deep⁃sea drilling programs has yielded remarkable advancements in our understanding of the Earth and oceans. This paper reviews the evolution of deep⁃sea drilling technology, examining key techniques such as dynamic positioning, heave compensation for drill strings, borehole re⁃entry, mud circulation systems under deep⁃water conditions, and various rock coring methods. Aligning with China's strategic initiatives to tackle deep⁃sea drilling challenges, the paper summarizes the application of these technologies during trial voyages and the scientific insights gained.Drawing upon the "Mengxiang" ocean drilling vessel, key development areas have been identified for deep⁃sea drilling technology, encompassing AI⁃assisted operations, materials resistant to high temperatures and pressures in the deep sea, high⁃precision detection, and high⁃speed communication,offering a valuable reference for future research and application in deep⁃sea drilling technology.
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国家重点研发计划项目“深海钻井泥浆回收安全应急关键装备研发”(2023YFC2813101)
中国地质调查局“天然气水合物钻探技术支撑”(DD20230066)
“深海科学与工程技术试验”(DD20242659)
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