冰川融水及降雨协同作用下高速远程滑坡演化机制
仉文岗 , 孔德婧楠 , 王鲁琦 , 卢望 , 王硕 , 谭钦文 , 王培清 , 陈亮
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4) : 1215 -1228.
冰川融水及降雨协同作用下高速远程滑坡演化机制
Mechanisms of High-Speed Long-Distance Landslides under Synergistic Effects of Glacial Meltwater and Rainfall
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高速远程滑坡灾变模式复杂,诱发因素多样,其启滑机制及动力学演变阶段的判定是研究的重点与难点.以易贡高速远程滑坡为例,融合静力学反演与动力学模拟,揭示了冰川融水与降雨共同作用下的滑坡触发机制与运动特性.基于遥感影像、环剪试验与数字高程模型,采用极限平衡法标定关键参数(孔压系数),并在滑移路径预设松散堆积层,实现了剪切液化与铲刮效应的定量表征.结果表明,降雨与冰川融水显著增加孔隙水压力,降低抗剪强度,诱发滑坡失稳;运动过程中剪切液化与铲刮效应使滑体速度提升了32.1%,规模扩大了28.3%.模拟结果与实际工况吻合良好,为类似灾害风险防控提供了科学依据与方法.
High-speed long-distance landslides exhibit complex disaster patterns and diverse triggering factors, making the determination of their initiation mechanisms and dynamic evolution stages a key research focus and challenge. This study takes the Yigong high-speed long-distance landslide as an example and integrates static inversion with dynamic simulation to reveal the triggering mechanism and movement characteristics of the landslide under the combined influence of glacial meltwater and rainfall. Based on remote sensing images, ring shear tests, and digital elevation models, key parameters (pore pressure coefficient) were calibrated using the limit equilibrium method, and a loose accumulation layer was preset along the sliding path to quantitatively characterize shear liquefaction and the scraping effect. The results show that rainfall and glacial meltwater significantly increase pore water pressure and reduce shear strength, leading to landslide instability. Furthermore, shear liquefaction and the scraping effect during motion increased the sliding speed by 32.1% and expanded the landslide scale by 28.3%. The simulation results agree well with actual conditions, providing a scientific basis and methodology for risk prevention and control of similar geological disasters.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3211202)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3211204)
湖北巴东地质灾害国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金项目支持(BNORSG202402)
国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLGP2024K021)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2024M753842)
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