基于贝叶斯优化XGBoost的堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量预测模型及参数敏感性研究
吴昊 , 吴家伟 , 郑德凤 , 钟启明 , 年廷凯
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4) : 1489 -1498.
基于贝叶斯优化XGBoost的堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量预测模型及参数敏感性研究
Peak Breach Discharge Prediction for Landslide Dams Using a Bayesian-Optimized XGBoost Model and Sensitivity Analysis
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准确且迅速地评估堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量,对应急抢险至关重要.基于机器学习方法预测突发型堰塞坝溃决参数是当前的研究热点,而目前堰塞坝数据库缺少足够案例量,且堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量预测模型无法考虑各影响因素之间的非线性映射关系,这导致模型的泛化能力弱.基于此,采用泥沙冲刷模型模拟堰塞坝溃决过程,从而扩充堰塞坝溃决案例数据库;建立贝叶斯算法优化的极端梯度提升(XGBoost)的机器学习算法;提出考虑堰塞坝几何形态参数(坝高、坝宽、坝长、坝体积)、堰塞湖库容、诱发因素、物质组成(侵蚀度和结构类型)等8个影响因素的非均质堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量机器学习预测模型;基于参数敏感性分析,进一步建立便于堰塞湖灾害应急抢险使用的简化三参数模型.结果表明,与传统模型相比,贝叶斯优化的XGBoost模型具有更高的预测精度;基于唐家山和白格堰塞坝案例分析证实本文模型预测溃决洪峰流量与真实值最大误差约20%.研究成果能够为堰塞坝应急抢险地质处置及区域防灾减灾提供有益参考.
Accurate and rapid assessment of peak flood discharge from landslide dam breaches is crucial for emergency response efforts. Predicting breach parameters of sudden landslide dam failures using machine learning methods has become a current research focus. However, existing landslide dam database slack sufficient case records, and current predictive models for peak breach discharge fail to capture the nonlinear interactions among influencing factors, resulting in limited generalization capability. In response to this, this study employs a sediment erosion model to simulate the landslide dam breach process, thereby expanding the landslide dam breach case database. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm is used to predict the peak flood discharge of landslide dam breaches, and the Bayesian algorithm is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model. An innovative machine learning prediction model for peak flood discharge of heterogeneous landslide dam breaches is proposed, considering eight influencing factors, including geometric parameters of the dam (height, width, length, volume), reservoir capacity, triggering factors, and material composition (erodibility and structural type). The results indicate that, compared to traditional models, the Bayesian-optimized XGBoost machine learning model exhibits higher prediction accuracy. Case analyses of Tangjiashan and Baige landslide dams confirm that the model’s predicted peak flood discharge has a maximum error of approximately 20% compared to the actual values. This study provides a valuable reference for emergency response and regional disaster mitigation in the context of landslide dam breaches.
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2443227)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42577172)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42207228)
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