澜沧江上游德钦段大型高位滑坡发育特征与形成演化机制研究
曹世超 , 郭长宝 , 杨为民 , 董秀军 , 吴瑞安 , 江万 , 钟宁
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4) : 1301 -1324.
澜沧江上游德钦段大型高位滑坡发育特征与形成演化机制研究
Development Characteristics and Evolution Mechanisms of Large High-Altitude Landslides along Deqin Reach of Upper Lancang River
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澜沧江上游德钦段大型高位滑坡发育,类型多样,变形明显,演化过程复杂且易在流域内形成灾害链,威胁城镇及工程建设.然而,该区域滑坡孕灾背景、发育规律及地质力学模式仍缺乏系统研究.利用InSAR、无人机、地面调查、钻探和地球物理探测等多技术手段,查明研究区大型高位滑坡发育分布规律,揭示典型高位滑坡的形成演化机制.结果表明,受高陡地形和地层岩性-构造作用联合控制,佛山-燕门乡段以大型高位滑坡为主,叶枝镇-燕门乡段多为古堆积体滑坡,区内倾倒变形体发育;研究认为地层岩性及其组合特征是滑坡发育的关键因素,滑坡的形成演化受内外动力耦合作用影响,地壳隆升和断裂活动提供了滑坡孕育的内动力地质背景,河流深切与长期卸荷促使岩体倾倒形成高位拉裂缝,降雨和地下水活动加速滑坡内部岩体弱化.总结归纳了研究区高位滑坡变形破坏的3类8种地质力学模式,其中倾倒变形破坏为主要模式.进一步分析表明,滑坡堆积体在地震、强降雨及人类工程扰动下易复活.研究成果揭示了德钦段大型高位滑坡的成因机制与演化过程,可为流域滑坡灾害链防控及重大工程选址提供科学依据.
Large high-altitude landslides are widespread along the Deqin reach of the upper Lancang River, exhibiting diverse types, pronounced deformation, and complex evolutionary pathways that readily cascade into basin-scale hazard chains threatening towns and infrastructure. However, the predisposing settings, developmental patterns, and geomechanical models for this reach remain insufficiently constrained. Here it implements InSAR, UAV, field investigation, borehole drilling, and geophysical surveying to delineate the spatial distribution and structural architecture of large high-altitude landslides and to resolve the formation and evolution mechanisms of representative cases. Results show that, under the combined control of extreme relief and lithology-structure coupling, the Foshan township-Yanmen township reach is dominated by large high-altitude landslides, whereas the Yezhi township-Yanmen township reach is characterized by paleo-landslide deposits; toppling deformation zones are pervasive across the study area. It identifies lithology and its assemblage as key factors governing landslide development, and demonstrates that endogenic-exogenic coupling drives formation and evolution: crustal uplift and active faulting provide the tectonic background; deep fluvial incision and long-term unloading promote rock mass toppling and the formation of high-altitude tensile headscarps; rainfall and groundwater processes elevate pore pressure and accelerate internal weakening. On this basis, it synthesizes three classes and eight types of geomechanical failure modes, with toppling dominated failure as the principal mode. Further analyses indicate that landslide deposits are prone to reactivation under earthquakes, intense rainfall, and engineering disturbances. The findings clarify the causative mechanisms and evolutionary pathways of large high-altitude landslides in the Deqin reach and provide a scientific basis for hazard chain mitigation and siting of major engineering works.
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国家自然科学基金项目(42372339)
中国地质调查局项目(DD20221816)
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