基于多传感器融合的煤矿井下巷道三维感知与重建方法
郭云飞 , 徐鹏 , 李伟 , 越文政 , 朱本钊 , 安剑奇
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8) : 2977 -2989.
基于多传感器融合的煤矿井下巷道三维感知与重建方法
3D Perception and Reconstruction of Underground Coal Mine Roadways Based on Multi⁃Sensor Fusion
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煤矿作为重要的能源资源,其井下环境普遍存在结构复杂、空间狭窄、光照不足及防爆需求高等特点,这对精细化三维感知与建模提出了严峻挑战. 高精度三维重建不仅是保障矿山作业安全的关键环节,也是开展地层结构解析、透明地质体系构建和动态环境监测的重要基础. 针对传统单一传感器在井下场景中受遮挡严重、噪声干扰大、建模精度有限的问题,本文提出了一种基于多传感器融合的三维建模方法. 该方法在巷道清洗车上部署多线激光雷达阵列,并融合视觉与毫米波雷达信息,通过结合局部特征描述与参数估计(LEPE⁃ICP)的自动拼接策略,提取多源数据中的稳定几何与纹理特征,采用基于特征匹配的初始配准与基于概率分布优化的精细配准相结合的两阶段融合方法,有效克服井下环境中由重复结构、动态干扰和光照变化引起的匹配歧义,逐步构建井下巷道的全局三维模型. 实验结果表明,该方法在煤矿巷道环境中的平均平移误差小于0.12 m,相较于传统方法拼接效率提升约47%,同时目标识别准确率达到92.7%. 研究结果证明,多源信息融合能够显著提升煤矿井下三维建模的精度与鲁棒性,为地层结构智能建模、透明地质构建及煤矿智能化发展提供了可靠的数据支撑与技术参考.
As a crucial energy resource, coal mines are characterized by complex structures, confined spaces, and insufficient illumination in their underground environments, posing significant challenges to fine⁃grained 3D perception and modeling. High⁃precision 3D reconstruction is not only a key factor in ensuring mining operation safety but also serves as an essential foundation for analyzing stratigraphic structures, constructing transparent geological systems, and monitoring dynamic environments. To address the limitations of traditional single⁃sensor approaches in underground scenarios, such as severe occlusion, high noise interference, and limited modeling accuracy: this paper proposes a multi⁃sensor fusion⁃based 3D modeling method. The approach involves deploying a multi⁃line LiDAR array on a roadway cleaning vehicle and integrating visual and millimeter⁃wave radar data. By employing an automatic stitching strategy that combines local feature description and parameter estimation, stable geometric and texture features from multi⁃source data are extracted. A two⁃stage fusion method is adopted, which integrates initial registration based on feature matching and fine registration optimized via probability distribution, effectively overcoming matching ambiguities caused by repetitive structures, dynamic interference, and varying lighting conditions in underground environments. This process progressively constructs a global 3D model of the underground roadway. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average registration error of less than 0.12 m in coal mine roadway environments, improves stitching efficiency by approximately 47% compared to conventional methods, and reaches a target recognition accuracy of 92.7%. The findings confirm that multi⁃source information fusion significantly enhances the accuracy and robustness of 3D modeling in underground coal mines, providing reliable data support and technical reference for intelligent stratigraphic modeling, transparent geological construction, and the advancement of smart mining.
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(62373336)
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