基于可解释机器学习的库岸滑坡位移预测研究
Reservoir Landslide Displacement Prediction Based on Explainable Machine Learning Model
库岸滑坡位移是评估边坡稳定性和实现精准预警的关键指标,但受水库水位周期性涨落的影响,其位移过程常呈现阶梯式变化,给建模预测带来较大挑战.为此,提出一种融合信号分解、深度学习与模型可解释性的滑坡位移预测方法.首先,采用改进的完全集合经验模态分解自适应噪声法(ICEEMDAN)对位移信号进行分解,有效剥离高频周期项与低频趋势项,缓解模态混叠问题并保留多尺度特征;其次,引入双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)模型,分别对各分量进行建模与逐点预测,提升了对滑坡位移的前后依赖关系及突变响应的刻画能力;最后,借助 SHAP(SHapley Additive exPlanations)方法解释模型预测结果,揭示了历史与当前水库水位、降雨量及近期位移趋势等关键特征在不同监测点的影响差异.案例研究表明,该方法在 RMSE、MAE、MAPE 和 R² 等评价指标上较传统分解方法(EMD、EEMD、CEEMDAN)提升超过20%,BiGRU 在 YY209 监测点实现了 R²=0.992、MAE=3.617 mm 的预测精度,SHAP 分析结果进一步增强了模型的物理可解释性.提出的预测框架兼具精度与透明度,为库岸滑坡风险监测与预警提供了新的技术支撑.
Landslide displacement is a key indicator for evaluating slope stability and implementing early warning measures. However, under the influence of cyclic reservoir water level fluctuations, displacement often exhibits step-like patterns, posing significant challenges for accurate modeling and prediction. To address this, it proposes an interpretable machine learning framework for landslide displacement forecasting. The framework first employs an improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN) to decompose displacement signals into high-frequency cycles and low-frequency trends, effectively mitigating mode mixing while preserving multi-scale features. Then, a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) model is used to predict each component, leveraging bidirectional context and a lightweight gating mechanism to capture both long-term dependencies and abrupt changes triggered by rainfall. Finally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are applied to interpret the model outputs, identifying key drivers such as historical and current reservoir levels, cumulative rainfall, and recent displacement trends, with site-specific differences across monitoring points. Case studies demonstrate that ICEEMDAN improves RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R² by over 20% compared to traditional decomposition methods (EMD, EEMD, CEEMDAN). The BiGRU model achieves high prediction accuracy (e.g., R² = 0.992 and MAE = 3.617 mm at YY209), while SHAP enhances the transparency and physical interpretability of the predictions. Overall, the proposed framework combines high accuracy with interpretability, offering a promising approach for reservoir landslide early warning and risk management.
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国家自然科学基金项目(425B2049)
国家自然科学基金项目(42071010)
国家自然科学基金项目(42061160480)
国家自然科学基金项目(U23A2044)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3008300)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3008305)
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