小清河干流水质时空变化特征及其污染物溯源解析
潘维艳 , 尹锐铃 , 刘凤森 , 耿玉莹 , 刘洋 , 徐征和 , 徐立荣
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6) : 2104 -2114.
小清河干流水质时空变化特征及其污染物溯源解析
Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Water Quality and Pollutant Source Apportionment in Xiaoqing River Mainstream
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河流作为人类及其他生物赖以生存的重要自然生态系统,其水质状况直接关系到生态安全与可持续发展.为探究小清河干流水质时空变化特征,基于2019—2022年的水质监测数据,采用综合水质指数法(water quality index,WQI)分析小清河干流水质时空变化特征,并利用绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型解析干流污染物来源及其贡献率.结果表明:2019—2022年小清河干流水质年均WQI值呈现增加趋势,水质等级从“中等”转变为“良好”;水质状况在季节尺度上未呈现显著波动,但丰水期WQI均值相对较低.空间上,小清河干流水质WQI值总体上表现为中游上游下游,水质较差的区域主要分布在中上游,尤其是干流沿岸建设用地和耕地面积占比较大的地区.源解析结果显示,干流污染物来源较为复杂,主要为工业废水排放源(25.81%)、农业种植活动源(24.92%)、生活污水排放和畜禽养殖源(17.60%);干流各监测断面的污染物来源组成相似,然而,其污染源的贡献结构存在差异,这种差异与沿岸的土地利用方式及人类活动强度密切相关.研究结果可为小清河流域的污染防控与治理决策提供关键科学依据.
As a critical natural ecosystem supporting the survival of humans and other organisms, the water quality of rivers directly influences ecological security and sustainable development. To investigate the spatiotemporal variations in water quality of the Xiaoqing River mainstream, this study analyzed and evaluated these characteristics using the comprehensive water quality index (WQI) method based on monitoring data from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, an absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model was employed to identify pollution sources and quantify their contribution rates in the mainstream. The results indicate that the annual average WQI of the Xiaoqing River mainstream showed an increasing trend, with the water quality grade improving from "moderate" to “good” from 2019 to 2022. No significant seasonal variation in water quality grade was observed, though the WQI during the wet season was slightly higher than in other periods. Spatially, the WQI values along the Xiaoqing River mainstream generally exhibited a pattern of midstream upstream downstream, with the best water quality observed in the downstream section. Poorer water quality was primarily distributed in the midstream and upstream regions, particularly in areas with a high proportion of built-up and agricultural land along the main channel. Source apportionment results revealed that pollutant sources in the Xiaoqing River mainstream were diverse, with primary contributions from industrial wastewater discharge (25.81%), agricultural activities (24.92%), and domestic sewage coupled with livestock farming (17.60%). The predominant pollution sources were generally consistent across all monitoring sections, though dominant types varied spatially, which was closely associated with land use patterns and anthropogenic activities along the river. The findings of this study can provide an important scientific basis for pollution control decision-making in the Xiaoqing River basin.
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国家自然科学基金(42307083)
济南大学2023年学科交叉会聚建设项目(XKJC-202305)
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