粗粒层增压条件下非饱和阻隔层控制降雨入渗边坡规律
Controlling Rainfall Infiltration in Slopes Using an Unsaturated Barrier Layer under Coarse-Grained Layer Pressurization
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传统土质边坡表面硬化防渗措施易因降雨入渗产生干缩开裂问题,威胁工程安全,采用非饱和阻隔层(capillary barrier layer,CBL)阻隔保护可提升工程的长期稳定性,但存在导水能力随长期降雨入渗而下降的现象.针对传统非饱和阻隔层中毛细阻滞能力随降雨入渗衰减的问题,本文从水-气耦合角度,提出了通过粗粒层增压以增强非饱和阻隔层阻隔降雨入渗的方法.采用系列物理模型试验,在气密封闭条件下,探讨不同降雨强度、CBL初始含水量和粗粒层增压值等条件对其阻隔降雨入渗的影响,主要取得以下认知:(1)当粗粒层注气增压(1~3 kPa)时,降雨全部从细粒层、过渡层与粗粒层界面排出,完全抑制降雨突破过渡层/粗粒层界面而进入粗粒层,显著提升非饱和阻隔层的阻隔效率.(2)二元结构最大导排能力随粗粒层增压值增加而增大,而随细粒层含水量增加而下降.(3)提出综合阻隔性能指数以量化注气条件下非饱和阻隔层对降雨入渗的阻隔效果.该研究成果开创性地利用土体气相作为阻隔层排水驱动力,可为边坡防护工程等领域提供科学依据.
Traditional surface hardening and impermeabilization measures for earthen slopes are prone to desiccation cracking due to rainfall infiltration, threatening engineering safety. The application of an capillary barrier layer (CBL) for protection can enhance the safety and stability of the project. However, its hydraulic conductivity decays with the long-term process of rainfall infiltration.To address the attenuation of capillary barrier strength in conventional unsaturated CBL during rainfall infiltration, this study proposes a method to enhance the infiltration resistance of the unsaturated barrier by pressurizing the coarse-grained layer from a coupled water-gas perspective. A series of physical model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of different rainfall intensities, initial CBL moisture contents, and coarse-grained layer pressurization levels on infiltration resistance. The main findings are as follows. (1) When the coarse-grained layer is pressurized (1-3 kPa), rainfall is entirely discharged along the interface between the fine-grained layer, the transition layer, and the coarse-grained layer, completely preventing rainfall breakthrough into the coarse-grained layer and significantly improving the barrier efficiency of the unsaturated CBL. (2) The steady-state lateral drainage rate of the binary structure increases with higher pressurization in the coarse-grained layer but decreases with increasing moisture content in the fine-grained layer. (3) A Comprehensive Barrier Efficacy Index (CBEI) is proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the unsaturated barrier under air injection conditions. This result innovatively establishes the soil gas phase as the drainage driving force in barrier layers, providing a scientific basis for slope protection engineering.
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国家自然科学基金项目(42072282)
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