超深层盐相关构造特征及有利区预测:以玛东构造带为例
Structural Characteristics and Favorable Target Prediction of Ultra⁃Deep Salt⁃Related Structures: A Case Study of the Madong Structural Belt
塔里木盆地玛东构造带是世界上保存最好的早古生代褶皱‒冲断带之一,由于构造的复杂性,其中寒武统盐相关构造特征和变形机理目前还存在较大的争议,这在一定程度上制约了该地区超深层盐下油气勘探.本研究基于二维地震资料厘定了盐相关构造样式,确定了其变形期次和演化序列,建立了构造演化与板块活动的响应关系,讨论了盐相关构造变形机理,预测了盐下油气有利区.玛东构造带中寒武统膏盐岩盐上多发育向腹陆方向冲断的破冲褶皱,盐下主要为剪切褶皱作用(含压扁褶皱作用)形成的基底卷入型冲起构造.主要变形期是奥陶纪末期和志留纪末期,受控于阿尔金‒祁连地体和柴达木地块与塔里木板块的拼贴碰撞.中寒武统膏盐岩层是该地区反冲断层形成的最关键的驱动因素之一.剪切褶皱作用可以间接导致形成陡倾或直立的裂缝,“盐上破冲褶皱+盐下冲起构造”的组合是超深层盐下最有力的勘探目标.
Madong structural belt in the Tarim basin is one of the best-preserved Early Paleozoic fold-thrust belts in the world. However, significant controversy persists regarding the characteristics and deformation mechanisms of Middle Cambrian salt-related structures due to complicate structures, which has constrained ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration in the region. This study delineated the styles of salt-related structures based on 2D seismic data, determined their deformation phases and evolutionary sequence, established the response relationship between structural evolution and plate activities, discussed the deformation mechanisms, and predicted favorable sub-salt hydrocarbon targets. In the Madong structural belt, the post-salt strata predominantly developed hinterland-vergent break-thrust folds, while the sub-salt strata were dominated by basement-involved pop-up structures formed through shear folding (including flattening folding). The main deformation periods occurred at the end of the Ordovician and the Silurian, controlled by the amalgamation and collision of the Altun-Qilian Terrane and the Qaidam Block with the Tarim Plate. The Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layer is one of the most critical driving factors for the formation of back-thrust faults in the belt. Shear folding can indirectly lead to the development of steeply dipping or vertical fractures, and the assemblage of “post-salt break-thrust folds and sub-salt pop-up structures” represents the most favorable exploration target for ultra-deep sub-salt strata.
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中国石化胜利石油管理局博士后科研课题(YKB2602)
胜利油田分公司课题(YKK2506)
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