基于流变特性的高位冰岩碎屑流低温运动学机制
武尹梁 , 常鸣 , 郭长宝 , 刘吉鑫 , 刘贵 , 窦向阳
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4) : 1388 -1402.
基于流变特性的高位冰岩碎屑流低温运动学机制
Low-Temperature Kinematic Mechanisms of High-Elevation Rock-Ice Debris Flows Based on Rheological Characteristics
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为揭示青藏高原冰岩崩转化形成的含冰碎屑流低温运动学机制,量化含冰量与质量对流动行为的控制效应,在智能温控条件下,结合冰碛土浆体流变试验与含冰碎屑流物理模型试验,利用加速度监测与PIV(粒子图像测速法)反演,分析不同含冰量(25%、50%、75%)与质量(10 kg、15 kg、20 kg)对动力响应、速度场演化及堆积特征的影响.流变试验表明,浆体屈服应力对容重高度敏感:低容重体系中屈服应力随容重提高呈倍数增长,高容重体系中冰碛物强化效应趋于饱和.物理模型试验揭示了含冰碎屑流冲出距离与含冰量、总质量均呈显著正相关,二者存在非线性耦合增强效应;含冰量通过调控颗粒接触网络主导体系流态转变,决定了“摩擦-胶结-润滑”力学行为的演化方向;总质量通过惯性效应调控力学行为转化强度与能量传递效率,二者协同控制含冰碎屑流的长距离超强运移能力.建立了考虑摩擦-润滑耦合机制的“冲出距离-扩散宽度-影响范围”多元非线性预测模型(R²>0.94),为青藏高原冰岩崩灾害危险范围评估提供了量化依据,能有效指导重大工程选线、建设与运维安全.
To reveal the low-temperature kinematic mechanism of ice-bearing debris flow transformed from ice-rock avalanches on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and quantify the controlling effects of ice content and total mass on its flow behavior, it performed integrated tests under intelligent temperature-controlled conditions. Combining rheological tests of moraine soil slurry and physical model tests of ice-bearing debris flow, it analyzed the influences of varying ice contents (25%, 50%, 75%) and total masses (10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg) on the dynamic response, velocity field evolution, and deposition characteristics of the debris flows via acceleration monitoring and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) inversion.Rheological test results demonstrate that the yield stress of the slurry is highly sensitive to bulk density. Specifically, in low bulk density systems, yield stress increases multiplicatively with rising bulk density, whereas the strengthening effect of moraine materials tends to saturate in high bulk density systems.Physical model tests reveal that the runout distance of ice-bearing debris flow exhibits a significantly positive correlation with both ice content and total mass, with a nonlinear coupling enhancement effect observed between the two factors. Ice content dominates the flow regime transition of the system by regulating the particle contact network, which dictates the evolution direction of the “friction-cementation-lubrication” mechanical behavior. Total mass modulates the transformation intensity of mechanical behavior and energy transfer efficiency through inertial effects. Together, these two factors synergistically control the ultra-long-distance, high-mobility transport capacity of ice-bearing debris flows.It established a multivariate nonlinear prediction model for “runout distance-spread width-impact scope” that incorporates the friction-lubrication coupling mechanism, with a coefficient of determination (R²>0.94). This model provides a quantitative basis for hazard range assessment of ice-rock avalanche disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and can effectively guide the route selection, construction, and safe operation and maintenance of major engineering projects.
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中国地质调查局“全国重大工程地质安全风险区划与综合评价”项目资助(DD20221816)
中国地质调查局“全国重大工程地质安全风险区划与综合评价”项目资助(DD20230600601)
成都市科技项目(2025YF0500421SN)
成都理工大学珠峰科学研究计划2.0交叉项目支持
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