深部地热储能:机遇、挑战与发展展望
王焰新 , 杨福见 , 胡帆 , 张晓博 , 薛旭耀 , 郭清海 , 刘珩 , 胡大伟
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5) : 1599 -1618.
深部地热储能:机遇、挑战与发展展望
Deep Geothermal Energy Storage: Opportunities, Challenges, and Development Prospects
在能源低碳转型的宏观背景下,风电、光伏等新能源固有的随机性与波动性,导致其并网难度大、利用效率低,已成为制约能源结构优化升级的关键瓶颈.储能技术作为实现跨时段能量调节的核心手段,为破解这一难题提供了重要技术支撑.深部地热储能作为一种新兴的长时大规模储能技术,凭借规模化潜力大、经济性优、应用场景广及系统韧性强等显著优势,逐渐成为新能源领域的研究热点和前沿方向.系统阐述了深部地热储能的技术背景与核心优势,深入分析了深部地热系统的分类特征、储能地质结构、储能能力及储能效率的关键影响因素;详细综述了含水层储能、岩土储能、压缩空气储能及二氧化碳羽流储能等主流技术路径的原理、工程应用现状与关键技术进展;全面剖析了当前深部地热储能在储址勘测、储能效率调控及环境安全风险防控等方面面临的核心问题;最后从多能互补能源体系构建、技术创新与产业化体系完善两个维度提出了未来发展建议,旨在为深部地热储能技术的规模化应用与可持续发展提供理论参考与技术支撑,助力我国“双碳”目标与能源安全战略的实现.
Against the background of low-carbon energy transition, the inherent intermittency and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power pose significant challenges to grid integration and utilization efficiency, which has become a key bottleneck constraining the optimization and upgrading of the energy structure. Energy storage technology, as a core means of achieving inter-temporal energy regulation, provides crucial technical support to address this challenge. As an emerging long-duration, large-scale energy storage technology, deep geothermal energy storage has gradually become a research focus and a frontier direction in the field of renewable energy, owing to its prominent advantages such as substantial scalability, high economical efficiency, wide application scenarios, and strong system resilience. In this paper it systematically elaborates on the technological background and core strengths of deep geothermal energy storage, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the classification characteristics of deep geothermal systems, the geological structures for energy storage, as well as the key factors influencing storage capacity and efficiency. It presents a detailed review of mainstream technical pathways, including hydrothermal reservoir heat storage, geotechnical energy storage, compressed air energy storage, and CO2 plume geothermal systems, covering their working principles, current status of engineering applications, and key technological advances. The paper comprehensively examines the critical issues currently faced by deep geothermal energy storage in areas such as site exploration, efficiency regulation, and environmental safety risk prevention. Finally, future development recommendations are proposed from two dimensions: the construction of a multi-energy complementary energy system, and the enhancement of technological innovation and industrial development systems. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the large‑scale application and sustainable development of deep geothermal energy storage technology, thereby contributing to the achievement of China’s “dual-carbon” goals and energy security strategy.
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地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1010202)
地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1003602)
地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1003503)
地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1010208)
国家自然科学基金项目(52309147)
湖北省技术创新计划项目(2025BEB014)
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