基于SWAT模型的四湖流域非点源氮磷污染负荷分布模拟
王一泽 , 刘慧 , 孙海船 , 梁宇航 , 刘路广 , 朱棋
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6) : 2201 -2215.
基于SWAT模型的四湖流域非点源氮磷污染负荷分布模拟
Simulation of Non-Point Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Load Distribution in Sihu Watershed Based on SWAT Model
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为精准识别四湖流域非点源氮磷污染的来源、时空分布特征及关键影响因素,为流域水污染防控提供科学依据,解决当前流域内湖泊水体富营养化突出的问题.以四湖流域为研究区,构建SWAT模型对流域内非点源氮磷污染的时空分布进行模拟.研究表明,该模型对流域内径流、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)均具有较好的拟合效果;时间上,2010—2018年TN、TP负荷呈先升后降趋势,2016年达峰值,2017—2018年连续下降,年内呈“汛期高、非汛期低”的特征;空间上,氮磷负荷较高的子流域集中于流域中下游,分别为11、24、25、32、33号等子流域,耕地与水域是流域内氮磷产生的主要污染源.四湖流域氮磷污染负荷时空分布受径流、土地利用及降雨综合影响,时间上汛期及空间上湖泊、农业区是防控重点,可通过削减化肥使用、控制水产养殖规模、保护湿地等措施降低污染负荷.
To accurately identify the sources, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and key influencing factors of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Sihu watershed, it provides a scientific basis for water pollution prevention and control in the basin, and addresses the prominent problem of lake eutrophication in the current watershed. Taking the Sihu watershed as the study area, a SWAT model was constructed to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the basin. The results show that the model has a good fitting effect on runoff, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the basin. Temporally, the TN and TP loads from 2010 to 2018 first increased and then decreased, reaching a peak in 2016, followed by a continuous decline from 2017 to 2018, with the characteristic of "high in flood season and low in non-flood season" within a year. Spatially, the sub-watersheds with high nitrogen and phosphorus loads are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the basin, namely sub-watersheds 11, 24, 25, 32, 33, etc. Cultivated land and water areas are the main pollution sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in the basin. The spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in the Sihu watershed is comprehensively affected by runoff, land use and rainfall. Temporally, the flood season and spatially, lakes and agricultural areas are the key points for prevention and control. Pollution loads can be reduced by measures such as reducing chemical fertilizer use, controlling the scale of aquaculture, and protecting wetlands.
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国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2340206)
湖北省科技创新平台计划项目(2025CSA007)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52409024)
湖北省联合基金项目(2023AFD194)
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