珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近纪构造特征及勘探意义
王福国 , 徐乐意 , 郑金云 , 贾富昊 , 苏海霞 , 汪晓萌 , 沈传波
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5) : 1982 -1996.
珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近纪构造特征及勘探意义
Paleogene Structural Characteristics and Exploration Significance of Baiyun Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin
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白云凹陷是我国深水油气勘探的前沿阵地,受地震资料深层反射信号弱、局部浅层气屏蔽、海沟影响等,古近纪深层结构和构造认识不清,影响了油气勘探进程.基于此,开展了全凹陷连片地震资料PSDM重处理,新资料基本消除了浅层气和海沟的影响,同时深层成像明显改善,可识别的低频同相轴明显增加.根据新的地震资料,开展了深层关键界面特征、构造层、结构分区及地壳破裂过程的综合分析.研究表明:珠江组沉积期以前,从下到上发育了四种类型共六个区域不整合界面;古近系从下到上可划分为五套构造层;按照断层发育方式及基底隆升位置的差异,白云凹陷可以分为三个构造区;按不整合面时空演化特征,划分了七个构造幕(均衡伸展幕,下地壳伸展幕、岩石圈伸展幕,不同方向伸展的三幕地幔剥露幕及最终形成边缘海的漂移幕).类比开平凹陷的油气成藏条件,推测白云凹陷下地壳伸展期发育的文四段为主力烃源岩,具有重要勘探前景.研究合理解释了白云凹陷复杂构造的成因,为古近纪构造演化、沉积体系迁移演化提供了全新构造框架,也为南海北部陆缘盆地其他凹陷构造对比研究提供了新思路,对深水油气勘探具有重要意义.
The Baiyun sag is the forefront of deep-water oil and gas exploration in China. Due to the weak deep reflection signal of seismic data, local shallow gas shielding and trench influence, the deep architecture and structure of Paleogene are not clearly understood, which affects the process of oil and gas exploration. Based on this, the PSDM reprocessing of the unified seismic data in the whole sag was carried out. The new data basically eliminated the influence of shallow gas and trenches, as a result, the deep imaging was significantly improved, and the identifiable low-frequency events increased clearly. Based on the new seismic data, a comprehensive analysis of the deep key interface characteristics, tectonic layers, structural zoning and crustal rupture process was carried out. The study shows that there are four types of six regional unconformity interfaces developed from bottom to top before the sedimentary period of Zhujiang Formation. The Paleogene can be divided into five sets of structural layers from bottom to top. According to the difference of fault development mode and basement uplift position, Baiyun sag can be divided into three structural areas. According to the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the unconformity surface, seven tectonic episodes are divided (balanced extension episode, lower crust extension episode, lithosphere extension episode, three episodes of mantle exhumation in different directions and the drift episode that eventually forms the marginal sea). By analogy with the oil and gas accumulation conditions in Kaiping sag, it is speculated that the fourth member of Wenchang Formation developed in the lower crust extension period of Baiyun sag is the main source rock, which has important exploration prospects. The study reasonably explains the genesis of complex structures in Baiyun sag, provides a new structural framework for Paleogene tectonic evolution and sedimentary system migration and evolution, and also provides a new idea for the comparative study of other sags in the northern continental margin basin of the South China Sea, which is of great significance for deep-water oil and gas exploration.
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十五五“新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项”(2025ZD1402702⁃07)
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