鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区薄层煤岩气富集主控因素及有利区评价
崔广智 , 张扬 , 王珣尧 , 于翔 , 迟润龙 , 刘硕
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5) : 1908 -1923.
鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区薄层煤岩气富集主控因素及有利区评价
Main Cntrolling Factors of Gas Enrichment in Thin Coal Seams and Evaluation of Favorable Zones in Yichuan Area of Ordos Basin
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鄂尔多斯盆地东南部宜川地区煤岩发育稳定,但煤层厚度较盆地主体薄.薄煤岩地质特征及富集规律认识不足,制约了规模化勘探与开发.针对本溪组8#煤和山西组5#煤,利用取心、测井、实验测试等手段,开展薄煤岩地质特征及富集主控因素研究.研究表明:(1)8#煤、5#煤成熟度高于盆地主体,为过成熟高阶煤,镜质组含量高,生气能力强.以微孔为主,割理十分发育.(2)8#煤发育于潮坪‒潟湖环境,煤层连续性好、发育稳定;5#煤形成于三角洲前缘‒滨海过渡相环境,受沉积旋回与砂体叠置影响,煤层厚度整体减薄.(3)煤岩含气量高于盆地主体,8#煤平均含气量为28.8 m³/t,5#煤平均含气量为 28.0 m³/t,气体以吸附态为主,游离气占比约22%.(4)在地质和工程等参数约束下,建立了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类有利区评价标准,其中8#煤以Ⅱ类有利区为主,5#煤以Ⅲ类有利区为主.试采实践表明,在高煤阶、高含气量条件下,通过水平井与体积压裂技术,薄煤岩亦可实现高产稳产,试验水平井井均日产气量可达2×10⁴ m³以上.研究成果表明,煤层厚度并非煤岩气开发的决定性约束因素,宜川地区薄层煤岩具备规模开发潜力,为鄂尔多斯盆地及类似地区煤岩气勘探提供了重要借鉴.
Coal seams are laterally stable in the Yichuan area, but generally thinner than those in the main body of the Ordos basin. However, the gas enrichment mechanisms and the geological characteristics of these thin seams are still to be fully elucidated, thereby constraining large-scale development. To bridge this gap, this study integrates core, well log, and laboratory data from the Benxi Formation No.8 coal seam and the Shanxi Formation No.5 coal seam to systematically evaluate the geological characteristics and primary controls on gas accumulation in these atypical thin seams. The results reveal follows. (1) The No.8 and No.5 coal seams exhibit elevated higher thermal maturity than those in the main basin, representing over-mature, high-rank coals with high vitrinite content and robust gas generation potential. The pore system is dominated by micropores, and cleats are highly developed. (2) The No.8 seam deposited in a tidal flat-lagoon environment, displays good continuity and stable thickness. In contrast, the No.5 coal seam formed in a delta front-coastal transitional environment, where its overall thickness is reduced due to the influence of sedimentary cycles and sandbody stacking. (3) The gas content of these coals is higher than the main basin. The average gas contents of the No.8 and No. 5 coal seams are 28.8 m³/t and 28.0 m³/t, respectively. The gas exists primarily in an adsorbed state, with free gas accounting for approximately 22%. (4) Based on geological and engineering parameters, evaluation criteria for Class I, II, and III favorable areas were established. The No.8 coal seam is dominated by Class II favorable area, whereas the No.5 coal seam is predominantly characterized by Class III favorable area. Pilot production practices demonstrate that under conditions of high coal rank and high gas content, thin coal seams can also achieve high and stable yields through the application of horizontal drilling and stimulated reservoir volume fracturing technologies. The average daily gas production of the pilot horizontal wells exceeds 2×10⁴ m³. These findings demonstrate that coal seam thickness is not the determining constraint for coal seam gas development. The thin coal seams in the Yichuan area possess significant potential for large-scale development, providing an important reference for coal seam gas exploration in the Ordos basin and other analogous regions.
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