塔里木盆地塔西南地区巴什托与玉北构造带原油差异性比较
云露 , 吴悠 , 曹自成 , 陈红汉 , 耿锋 , 沙旭光 , 苏鹏 , 胡守志
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5) : 1768 -1786.
塔里木盆地塔西南地区巴什托与玉北构造带原油差异性比较
Difference Comparison of Oil Properties between Bashentuo and Yubei Structures in Southwest Tarim Basin, NW China
塔西南坳陷经历70多年的勘探虽发现了巴什托和玉北等油气田,但与塔北坳陷相比仍存在很大差距.长期以来油气来源的争议成为塔西南坳陷勘探部署的制约因素之一.通过采集塔里木盆地34件原油样品开展芳基类异戊二烯烃、硫同位素和正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成分析,开展油源对比研究,并结合烃源岩和原油碳同位素组成以及油气成藏过程分析,比较了二者原油差异性的原因.结果表明:(1)玉北构造带原油主要来自于玉尔吐斯组烃源岩,局部可能存在肖尔布拉克组烃源贡献;巴什托构造带油气可能主要来自于肖尔布拉克组烃源岩,局部可能来自于石炭‒二叠系烃源贡献.(2)玉北构造带发育海西中期、海西晚期和喜山晚期三期成藏,但以海西中期和海西晚期为主,且在海西晚期遭受了比较偏强烈的生物降解;巴什托构造带石炭系发生了海西晚期和喜山晚期两期油气成藏,且以晚期成藏为主,其中,海西晚期充注的油气仅局部遭受了轻微的生物降解.(3)油源、油气成藏过程以及原油在海西期遭受生物降解程度的差异性是造成巴什托构造带形成轻质油‒凝析油与玉北构造带形成中质油的根本原因.因此,加强肖尔布拉克组和石炭‒二叠系烃源岩特征研究是塔西南坳陷下一步勘探部署的关键.
Since 1952, more than 70 years of the petroleum exploration in the southwest depression of Tarim basin have witnessed the discovery of.several petroleum fields including Bashentuo and Yubei etc., but there is a huge gap for petroleum exploration in comparison with Tabei depression. The key factor is the long-standing argument of uncertain hydrocarbon sources constraining the deployment in this area. In this research, 34 crude oil samples in Tarim basin have been collected to analyze their aryl isoprenoids, sulfur isotopic ratio and composite specific carbon isotopic ratio, which has been utilized for oil correlation and difference comparison of oil properties between Bashentuo and Yubei structures by cooperating stable carbon isotopic ratios of kerogens and bulk oils and hydrocarbon charging process. Several significant results have been obtained as follows. (1) The hydrocarbon in Yubei structure mainly comes from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation (∈1y) source rock, and from Xiaoerbulake Formation (∈1x) source rock locally. The hydrocarbon in Bashentuo structure possibly mainly comes from the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation (∈1x) source rock, and from the Carboniferous and Permian source rocks locally. (2) Three hydrocarbon charging events occurred in Yubei structure during the middle Hycynian, the late Hycynian and Himalayan, respectively, and the first and second events consist of the main charging hydrocarbons which underwent quite strong biodegradation; only two charging events took place in Bashentuo structure during the late Hycynian and the Himalayan, respectively, and the second event is composed of the main charging hydrocarbon, and the first charging oil underwent weak biodegradation locally. (3) The reasons of light oil and condensate accumulated in Bashentuo structure and medium quality oil accumulated in Yubei structure are due to the differences of sources, charging events and degrees of biodegradation during the late Hycynian. Therefore, the key for the future exploration is to reinforce the geochemical study of source rocks of Xiaoerbulake Formation and the Carboniferous and Permian in the southwest Tarim basin.
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