基于源储配置的陆相页岩层系储层中烃类多尺度多类型赋存机制
范雨辰 , 杨智 , 辛红刚 , 郝振舸 , 余喆
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7) : 2821 -2837.
基于源储配置的陆相页岩层系储层中烃类多尺度多类型赋存机制
Multi⁃Scale and Multi⁃Type Hydrocarbon Occurrence Mechanism in Continental Shale Strata Reservoirs Based on Source⁃Reservoir Configuration
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陆相页岩层系石油储层中烃类赋存机制复杂,烃类赋存及其与多尺度、多类型储集空间的配置关系是制约甜点预测与高效开发的关键科学问题.选取鄂尔多斯盆地长7段与渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段两类典型陆相页岩层系石油富集区,综合运用岩石学分析、微观结构表征、有机地球化学分析及流体状态测试等研究手段,系统揭示了不同源储配置模式下烃类的赋存机制及其与储集空间的耦合关系.研究发现:(1)在鄂尔多斯盆地长71+2亚段“源储分离”型夹层砂岩储层中,烃类主要“游离”赋存于微米级的无机孔隙中,富集总量由储层孔隙度决定.(2)在渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段“源储共生”型混积页岩储层中,烃类主要赋存于纳‒微米级的有机‒无机复合孔隙系统,烃类常以“吸附”形式赋存于运移沥青二次热解形成的次生有机孔内,富集程度主要受有机质热成熟度调控.(3)在鄂尔多斯盆地长73亚段“源储一体”型富有机质页岩储层中,页岩干酪根内存在烃类“溶胀”赋存机制,富集规模主要受总有机碳含量(TOC)控制.(4)在页岩层系石油“生‒排‒运‒聚”过程中,从烃源岩核心到外围储层,烃类赋存形式遵循“溶胀‒吸附‒游离”的垂向连续分布序列,储集空间由纳米级有机孔向微米级无机孔系统演变,构成一个从“原位滞留”到“规模运移”、从“纳米束缚”到“微米可动”的完整地质过程.陆相页岩层系烃类赋存机制的阶段认识为不同类型储层的勘探目标优选与开发方案设计提供了科学依据.
The hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms in continental shale strata oil reservoirs are highly complex, and the spatial configuration relationship between hydrocarbons and multi-scale, multi-type storage spaces constitutes a key scientific challenge that constrains sweet-spot prediction and efficient development. This study focuses on two representative lacustrine shale oil enrichment intervals: the Chang 7 Member in the Ordos Basin and the Kong 2 Member of the Cangdong Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin. By integrating petrological analysis, microstructural characterization, organic geochemical analysis, and fluid state testing, it systematically investigates hydrocarbon occurrence states and their coupling relationships with storage spaces under different source-reservoir configurations. The main findings are as follows. (1) In the “source-reservoir separated” interbedded sandstone reservoirs of Chang 71+2 Submember in Ordos Basin, hydrocarbons mainly exist in a "free state" in micrometer-sized inorganic pores, and the total enrichment is determined by the reservoir porosity. (2) In the “source-reservoir coexisting” mixed sedimentary shale reservoirs of Kong 2 Member in Bohai Bay Basin, hydrocarbons are mainly present in nano-micrometer-sized organic-inorganic composite pore systems, and hydrocarbons often exist in an “adsorbed state” in secondary organic pores formed by the secondary thermal cracking of migrated bitumen, and the enrichment degree is mainly controlled by the thermal maturity of organic matter. (3) In the “source-reservoir integrated” organic-rich shale reservoirs of Chang 73 Submember in Ordos Basin, there is a “swelling state” hydrocarbon occurrence mechanism within the shale kerogen, and the enrichment scale is mainly controlled by the total organic carbon content (TOC). (4) Throughout the “generation⁃expulsion⁃retention” process of shale oil, hydrocarbon occurrence evolves vertically from the core of source rocks outward into adjacent reservoirs following a continuous sequence: swollen⁃adsorbed⁃free-phase. Concurrently, the pore system transitions from nanometer-scale organic pores to micron-scale inorganic pores, forming a comprehensive geological process that spans from “in-situ retention” to “bulk migration” and from “nano-confinement” to “micro-scale mobility”. The progressive understanding of hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms in continental shale formations has provided a scientific basis for prioritizing exploration targets and designing development schemes across different reservoir types.
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF0804303)
中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性基础性重大研究项目(2024DJ8704)
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