黄骅坳陷上古生界煤系烃源岩生烃潜力与潜山内幕成藏机理
刘海涛 , 张立炀 , 甘华军 , 李志胜 , 陈智涛 , 李宏军 , 卢碧娴
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7) : 2716 -2730.
黄骅坳陷上古生界煤系烃源岩生烃潜力与潜山内幕成藏机理
Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of Upper Paleozoic Coal-bearing Source Rocks and Mechanisms of Buried-Hill Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Huanghua Depression
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黄骅坳陷古生界石炭‒二叠系煤系烃源岩是潜山内幕油气藏的主要物质基础,但不同层段生烃差异及其对成藏模式的控制作用尚不明确.以晚古生界煤系地层为研究对象,综合煤岩显微组分与有机地球化学分析,系统对比太原组与山西组生烃特征,并结合典型潜山解剖与成藏过程分析,探讨油气富集机理与成藏模式.结果表明:两套煤系烃源岩有机质丰度高,均为好‒优质烃源岩;显微组分以镜质组为主,干酪根类型主体为II₂型.相比之下,太原组镜质组与壳质组含量更高,是研究区优势供烃层段;生烃演化整体表现为“早油晚气”特征,即先生成原油、后生成天然气,研究区油气成藏经历早白垩世初次充注、晚白垩世破坏、古近纪再成藏及新近纪以来叠加充注的多期演化过程.油气来源具有多源和多期的特征,表现为煤系气与古近系油的复合供烃格局.古近纪以来,歧北‒埕海及乌马营‒王官屯地区二次生气强度较高,是潜山内幕晚期天然气充注的重要物质基础.在此基础上,建立了双源晚期成藏、单源晚期成藏、单源两期成藏、双源分期成藏及双源复合成藏五类模式.黄骅坳陷潜山内幕油气差异富集受源岩质量、生烃强度、复合输导体系及构造活动耦合控制,其中断裂活动期与有效生排烃期的匹配是多期成藏的关键.研究成果为煤系油气成藏机制认识及有利区评价提供了地质依据.
The Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks of the Upper Paleozoic in the Huanghua Depression constitute the principal material basis for hydrocarbon accumulation within buried-hill reservoirs. However, stratigraphic differences in hydrocarbon generation and their control on accumulation patterns remain poorly constrained. Focusing on the Late Paleozoic coal-bearing strata, this study integrates coal maceral analysis, organic geochemistry, and typical buried-hill reservoir dissection to systematically compare the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations. Combined with typical buried-hill reservoir dissection and accumulation process reconstruction, the mechanisms of hydrocarbon enrichment and reservoir formation models are clarified.Results indicate that both formations exhibit high organic matter abundance and are classified as good to excellent source rocks. Vitrinite is the dominant maceral, and kerogen is primarily type II₂. The Taiyuan Formation contains relatively higher proportions of vitrinite and exinite, making it the dominant hydrocarbon-supplying interval in the study area. Hydrocarbon evolution is characterized by an “early oil-late gas”pattern, namely oil generation first and gas generation later. Reservoir formation experienced multiple stages, including initial charging in the Early Cretaceous, partial destruction in the Late Cretaceous, re-accumulation in the Paleogene, and superimposed charging since the Neogene. Hydrocarbon sourcing shows clear differentiation, forming a composite supply system of coal-derived gas and Paleogene oil.Since the Paleogene, the Qibei-Chenghai and Wumaying-Wangguantun areas have developed high secondary gas-generation intensity, which provided an important material basis for late-stage gas charging in buried hills.Five accumulation models are established: (1) dual-source late-stage accumulation; (2) single-source late-stage accumulation; (3) single-source two-stage accumulation; (4) dual-source staged accumulation; and (5) dual-source composite accumulation.Differential enrichment of hydrocarbons within buried hills is jointly controlled by source rock quality, hydrocarbon generation intensity, composite migration systems, and tectonic activities, among which the matching relationship between fault activity and effective hydrocarbon supply is the key to multi-stage accumulation. These results provide a geological basis for understanding coal-related hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms and for favorable zone evaluation.
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国家科技重大专项(2024ZD14001⁃06)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42072202)
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