鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤岩气井返排液的地球化学特征及排放处理建议
王嘉颖 , 田文广 , 张道锋 , 王怀厂 , 闫艺洪 , 薛怡勤 , 王信水
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7) : 2807 -2820.
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤岩气井返排液的地球化学特征及排放处理建议
Geochemical Characteristics and Discharge Recommendations for Flowback Water from Coal⁃Rock Gas Wells, Eastern Ordos Basin
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煤岩气是我国非常规天然气勘探开发的重要领域,其开发过程中的返排液组分复杂,对水环境存在潜在威胁,开展返排液地球化学特征与环境风险研究,对推动煤岩气绿色开发、保障区域水环境安全具有重要的理论和实践意义.选取鄂尔多斯盆地东缘的24口煤岩气井产出的80个返排液样品,系统分析阴阳离子、微量元素及氢氧同位素、锶同位素,解析返排液的地球化学特征,揭示原生地层水成因机制,评价其潜在环境风险并提出处理建议.分析结果显示,返排液具有高盐度、高矿化度的特征,以Cl-、Na+、Ca2+、Sr2+为主,且富Ca、Sr,贫Mg,元素含量整体较四川盆地页岩气井返排液更富集.返排液是压裂液与原生地层水混合的产物,据此可推断研究区原生地层水为Cl-Ca型.原生地层水经历了古海水蒸发和多类型水‒岩相互作用(碳酸盐溶解、白云岩化、黏土矿物吸附和泥岩溶解),且空间分异显著.原生地层水记录的强烈水‒岩相互作用表明储层致密封闭,有利于煤岩气的产生与保存.返排液中部分有害金属元素超标,建议构建“源头回用‒中和与盐污控制‒全域管控”的处置体系,切实防控环境风险.
The coal-rock gas represents a key domain of unconventional natural gas exploration and development in China. The flowback water generated during the coal-rock gas extraction is characterized by complex chemical compositions and poses potential risks to the aquatic environment. Therefore, investigating the geochemical characteristics and environmental risks of flowback water is of significant theoretical and practical importance for promoting the green development of the coal-rock gas and safeguarding regional water environment security. In this study,80 flowback water samples were collected from 24 coal-rock gas wells in the eastern Ordos Basin. Systematic analyses of cations, anions, trace elements, hydrogen-oxygen isotopes and strontium isotopes were conducted to decipher the geochemical properties of the flowback fluids, reveal the genetic mechanism of the original formation water, evaluate potential environmental risks, and propose targeted treatment suggestions. The results show that the flowback water is characterized by high salinity and high total dissolved solids (TDS), with Cl-, Na+, Ca2+ and Sr2+ as the dominant ions. These samples are enriched in Ca and Sr but depleted in Mg, displaying higher total elemental concentrations than those of the flowback water from shale gas wells in the Sichuan Basin. It is concluded that the flowback water is a mixture of fracturing fluid and original formation water, and the original formation water in the study area is inferred to be of Cl-Ca type. The original formation water has undergone paleo-seawater evaporation and multiple types of water-rock interactions (including carbonate dissolution, dolomitization, clay mineral adsorption and mudstone dissolution), and exhibits significant spatial differentiation. The intense water-rock interactions recorded in the original formation water indicate that the reservoirs are tight and well-sealed, which is favorable for the generation and preservation of the coal-rock gas. Given that some toxic heavy metals in the flowback water exceed environmental discharge standards, we suggest establishing a disposal framework of “source-directed reuse, neutralization & salinity control, and full-domain management” to effectively mitigate environmental risks.
附表见https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2026.223.
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新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1404202)
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技专项(2026DJ003)
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