煤储层原生吸附水与压裂侵入水赋存差异及其对水锁伤害的控制机理
党正 , 田永净 , 秦晨烊 , 张泽华 , 陈文文 , 王小明
地球科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7) : 2499 -2513.
煤储层原生吸附水与压裂侵入水赋存差异及其对水锁伤害的控制机理
Water Occurrence Differences between Primary Adsorbed Water and Artificial Fracturing⁃Invaded Water in Coal Reservoirs and Their Control Mechanisms on Water⁃Blocking Damage
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煤层气开发过程中,煤中孔隙水赋存状态是诱发水锁伤害、制约煤层气高效产出的核心因素.目前研究多关注人工压裂液侵入造成的水锁伤害,而对储层原始湿度环境下形成的原生吸附水及其锁水效应认识不足.为厘清原始储层地质条件与人工压裂条件下煤中水赋存的微观差异,揭示差异化水锁伤害机理,以沁水盆地东峰煤矿3#煤层煤样为研究对象,分别开展平衡水吸附实验(模拟原始储层湿度环境)与加压饱水实验(模拟压裂液侵入环境),利用低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)技术表征两种条件下煤岩孔隙水赋存分布特征,结合梯度离心实验定量评价孔隙水可动性,系统对比两种条件下水的赋存差异及其对水锁伤害的控制机制.实验结果表明,平衡水吸附条件下,煤储层中水主要赋存于微孔与过渡孔,环境湿度越高,吸附平衡后水分赋存的孔隙孔径越大、含水率越高;加压饱水条件下,煤储层中水以过渡孔赋存为主,饱水压力增大可拓宽水分赋存孔径,同时改造煤岩孔隙结构、提升孔隙连通性.相较于加压饱水煤样,平衡水吸附煤样整体含水率更低,但水分以水蒸气形式渗入煤中,可赋存于微米级微小孔隙及孤立孔隙,孔隙水可动性显著更弱、排水难度更大.研究证实,低湿度储层原生吸附水引发的水锁伤害显著高于高压压裂液侵入造成的水锁伤害,弥补了当前研究重人工注水伤害、轻原生湿度水锁伤害的认知短板.研究成果可为煤储层水锁伤害精准评价、高效解锁工艺优化提供微观理论支撑.
Water occurrence in coal pores is a key factor inducing water-blocking damage and restricting efficient coalbed methane (CBM) production. Current studies mainly focus on the damage caused by artificial fracturing fluid invasion, while the primary adsorbed water formed under the original reservoir humidity environment and its water-blocking effect remain insufficiently understood. Coal samples from the No.3 coal seam of Dongfeng Coal Mine in the Qinshui Basin were selected for this study. Controlled experiments of equilibrium water vapor adsorption (simulating the original reservoir humidity) and pressurized water saturation (simulating fracturing fluid invasion) were carried out. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to characterize the distribution of pore water under the two occurrence conditions, and gradient centrifugation experiments were employed to quantitatively evaluate water mobility. The differences in water occurrence and their control mechanisms on water-blocking damage were systematically compared. The results show that under equilibrium water vapor adsorption, water mainly occurs in micropores and transition pores; higher environmental humidity leads to larger occupied pore sizes and higher water contents at adsorption equilibrium. Under pressurized water saturation, water predominantly occupies transition pores; increasing saturation pressure broadens the range of water-occupied pore sizes, while transforming pore structure and enhancing pore connectivity. Compared with pressurized water-saturated samples, equilibrium water-adsorbed samples have a lower overall water content. However, water vapor can penetrate into micro- and nano-scale pores and even isolated pores, resulting in significantly weaker water mobility and greater difficulty in drainage. The water-blocking damage caused by primary adsorbed water in low-humidity reservoirs is far higher than that caused by high-pressure fracturing fluid invasion. This finding remedies the cognitive deficiency of overemphasizing artificial water injection damage while neglecting primary humidity-related water-blocking. The results can provide microscopic theoretical support for accurate evaluation of water-blocking damage and the optimization of efficient damage removal technologies for coal reservoirs.
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山西省科技重大专项(202501080301004)
青年科技创新专项(KJQN⁃2026⁃2207)
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