基于无人机航测影像研究新民堡断裂晚第四纪构造变形及1785年惠回堡地震机制
于锦超 , 李树武 , 袁道阳 , 王有林 , 文亚猛 , 张梨君 , 陈露瑶
地球科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (04) : 1470 -1484.
基于无人机航测影像研究新民堡断裂晚第四纪构造变形及1785年惠回堡地震机制
Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation of the Xinminpu Fault and Mechanism of 1785 Huihuibao Earthquake Based on Unmanned Aerial Images
,
新民堡断裂是河西走廊西段酒西盆地内部最北侧的一条逆断裂-褶皱带,全新世晚期仍然活动,断错地貌清晰.利用高精度无人机SfM摄影测量方法与断错地貌精细解译,从构造地貌学角度厘定了新民堡断裂累积位错值和1785年惠回堡地震的同震地表位错.根据高分辨率地形地貌数据共测量统计了90组断层陡坎位错值,结合累积位移概率分布曲线,得到7次位错丛集峰值,推测新民堡断裂晚第四纪大致发生过7次古地震事件,符合丛集地震特征,最新两期位移量峰值0.9 m、1.5 m分别对应1785年地震及距今3.8±0.3 ka的古地震事件.根据其平均同震位错值0.9 m,核定1785年惠回堡地震震级约为6.6级,与历史地震考证结果吻合.结合铲式断层模型进一步厘定了新民堡断裂全新世以来的垂直滑动速率约为0.1±0.02 mm/a,水平缩短速率约为0.18±0.06 mm/a.综合分析表明,1785年惠回堡地震为发生在新民堡断裂上的一次逆断裂-褶皱型地震,与河西走廊内部发生的2003年甘肃民乐-山丹6.1、5.8级地震和2002年玉门Ms5.9地震的发震机制类似,表明河西走廊盆地内部具有挤压逆冲-褶皱型的发震机制,未来需加强对此类地震构造带的进一步研究和震灾防御.
The Xinminpu fault is the northernmost reverse fault-fold belt in the Jiuxi Basin which is at the western of Hexi Corridor, still active in the Late Holocene and its offset geomorphology is clear. In this paper, cumulative offset of Xinminpu fault and co-seismic surface offset of the 1785 Huihuibao Earthquake are determined from tectonic geomorphology by high-precision unmanned aerial vehicle SfM photogrammetry and fine interpretation of offset geomorphology. Based on high-resolution topographic and geomorphologic data, a total of 90 groups of fault scarp offset were measured and counted, and combined with cumulative offset probability distribution plot, seven offset clusters were obtained, and it is inferred that about seven paleoseismic events occurred in Late Quaternary of Xinminpu fault, with quasi-periodic recurrence characteristics, and that the latest two peak offset of 0.9 and 1.5 m corresponded to the earthquake in 1785 and a paleoseismic event at 3.8±0.3 ka ago, respectively. Based on average coseismic offset of 0.9 m, the magnitude of the 1785 Huihuibao earthquake is about M6.6, which is consistent with historical seismic results. Combined with the listric fault model, the vertical slip rate of Xinminpu fault since Holocene was determined as 0.1±0.02 mm/a, and the horizontal shortening rate was about 0.18±0.06 mm/a. Comprehensive analysis shows that the 1785 Huihuibao earthquake was an inverse fault-fold type earthquake on Xinminpu fault, which is similar to the seismogenic mechanism of the 2003 Ms6.1, Ms5.8 Minle-Shandan earthquake in Gansu Province and the 2002 Yumen Ms5.9 earthquake that occurred in the central of the Hexi Corridor, indicating that it has a reverse fault-folding type seismic mechanism in the basin of Hexi Corridor, and further research and seismic defense for this type of seismic tectonic belts should be strengthened in the future.
新民堡断裂 / 惠回堡地震 / 无人机影像 / 位移丛集 / 地球物理学.
Xinminpu fault / Huihuibao earthquake / unmanned aerial image / offset clustering / geophysics
| [1] |
Bao, G. D., Ren, Z. K., Ha, G. H., et al., 2024. New Evidence of Late Quaternary Tectonic Activity along the Eastern Margin of the Qaidam Basin. Tectonics, 43(1): e2023TC007906. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023tc007906 |
| [2] |
Bi, H. Y., Zheng, W. J., Ge, W. P., et al., 2018. Constraining the Distribution of Vertical Slip on the South Heli Shan Fault (Northeastern Tibet) from High-Resolution Topographic Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(3): 2484-2501. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014901 |
| [3] |
Chen, B.L., Wang, C.Y., Cui, L.L., et al., 2008. Developing Model of Thrust Fault System in Western Part of Northern Qilian Mountains Margin-Hexi Corridor Basin during Late Quaternary. Earth Science Frontiers, 15(6): 260-277 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [4] |
Chen, B.L., Wang, C.Y., Liu, J.M., et al., 2006. The Activity of the Xinminbao Fault from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 27(6): 515-524 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [5] |
Chen, J., Lu, Y.C., Ding, G.Y., 1998. The Latest Quaternary Tectonic Deformation of Terraces of Jiuxi Basin in West Qilianshan Mountains. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 20(1): 28-36 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [6] |
Guo, C.H., Li, A., Liu, R., et al., 2018. A Preliminary Research on the Right-Lateral Strike-Slip Characteristics and the Structural Significance of the Northern Kuantanshan Faults, Hexi Corrider, Based on High-Resolution Imagery. Seismology and Geology, 40(4): 784-800 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [7] |
He, W.G., Lei, Z.S., Yuan, D.Y., et al., 2010. Disaster Characteristics of Huihuipu Earthquake in 1785 in Yumen, Gansu Province, and Discussion on Its Seismogenic Structure. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 32(1): 47-53 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [8] |
He, W.G., Zheng, W.J., Zhao, G.K., et al., 2004. Study on the Seismogenic Structure of the Yumen, Gansu Province MS 5.9 Earthquake of December 14, 2002. Seismology and Geology, 26(4): 688-697 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [9] |
Hetzel, R., 2013. Active Faulting, Mountain Growth, and Erosion at the Margins of the Tibetan Plateau Constrained by In Situ-Produced Cosmogenic Nuclides. Tectonophysics, 582: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.027 |
| [10] |
Hu, X. F., Pan, B. T., Kirby, E., et al., 2015. Rates and Kinematics of Active Shortening along the Eastern Qilian Shan, China, Inferred from Deformed Fluvial Terraces. Tectonics, 34(12): 2478-2493. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015tc003978 |
| [11] |
Huang, X.F., Gao, R., Guo, X.Y., et al., 2018. Deep Crustal Structure beneath the Junction of the Qilian Shan and Jiuxi Basin in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Tectonic Implications. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(9): 3640-3650 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [12] |
Ji, H. M., Ren, Z. K., Liu, J. R., 2024.Review of Structural Deformation in the Upper Crust of the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic. Earth Science, 49(2): 480-499 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [13] |
Klinger, Y., Etchebes, M., Tapponnier, P., et al., 2011. Characteristic Slip for Five Great Earthquakes along the Fuyun Fault in China. Nature Geoscience, 4(6): 389-392. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1158 |
| [14] |
Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, State Earthquake Administration,1985. Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai Provinces (Regions): 1177-1982 AD. Shaanxi Science & Technology Press, Xi’an(in Chinese). |
| [15] |
Li, A., Wang, X.X., Zhang, S.M., et al., 2016. The Structural Deformation of Baiyanghe Thrust Fault-Fold Belt in Jiuxi Basin. Bulletin of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, (2): 1-11(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [16] |
Li, C. Y., Zhang, P. Z., Yin, J. H., et al., 2009. Late Quaternary Left-Lateral Slip Rate of the Haiyuan Fault, Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics, 28(5):TC5010.1-TC5010.26. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008tc002302 |
| [17] |
Liu, R., 2021. Tectonic Deformation and Faults Interaction since Late Quaternary in the West End of Hexi Corridor (Dissertation). Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [18] |
Liu, X. W., 2017. Characteristics of Active Tectonics and the Deformation Pattern of the Jiuxi Basin at the Western Qilian Shan (Dissertation). Lanzhou University, Lanzhou (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [19] |
Liu, X.W., Yuan, D.Y., He, W.G., 2014. Preliminary Study of Palaeo-Earthquakes on the Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault in the North Margin of Qilian Mountain. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 9(3): 411-419 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [20] |
Liu, X.W., Yuan, D.Y., He, W.G., et al., 2021. Research Progress on Paleoearthquake in Jiuxi Basin Located in the Western Hexi Corridor. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 43(1): 1-10 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [21] |
Liu, X.W., Yuan, D.Y., Su, Q., et al., 2019. Study on Late Quaternary Slip Rates of Two Faults within Jiuxi Basin. Journal of Seismological Research, 42(1): 112-119 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [22] |
Liu, X.W., Yuan, D.Y., Su, Q., et al., 2020. Paleoearthquake Characteristics along the Baiyanghe Fault in Jiuxi Basin. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 42(1): 90-97 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [23] |
Luo, H., He, W.G., Yuan, D.Y., et al., 2016. New Insight on Paleoearthquake Activity along Changma Fault Zone. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 38(4): 632-637, 668(in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [24] |
Ma, J., Zhou, B. G., Wang, M. M., et al., 2022. Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution along the Zheduotang Fault in the Kangding Section of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone. Lithosphere, 2021(Special 2): 6500707. https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/6500707 |
| [25] |
Min, W., Zhang, P.Z., He, W.G., et al., 2002. Research on the Active Faults and Paleoearthquakes in the Western Jiuquan Basin. Seismology and Geology, 24(1): 35-44 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [26] |
Shi, Z. L., Huan, W. L., Xie, Y. D., 1982. Active Faults and Earthquakes in the Western Part of Hexi Corridor. In: Seismological Society of China Seismological Geology Committee, ed., Active Faults in China. Seismological Press, Beijing (in Chinese). |
| [27] |
Tapponnier, P., Xu, Z. Q., Roger, F., et al., 2001. Oblique Stepwise Rise and Growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294(5547): 1671-1677. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.105978 |
| [28] |
Thompson, S. C., Weldon, R. J., Rubin, C. M., et al., 2002. Late Quaternary Slip Rates across the Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 107(B9): 2203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000596 |
| [29] |
Wang, L., Xie, H., Yuan, D. Y., et al., 2024. Investigating Paleoseismicity Using High-Resolution Airborne LiDAR Data: A Case Study of the Huangxianggou Fault in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Structural Geology, 180: 105063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2024.10506 |
| [30] |
Wang, Z. J., Yao, W. Q., Liu, J., et al., 2024. Application of Tectonic Geomorphology Method for Constraining the Slip Rate Uncertainty and Implication of Strike-Slip Faults: An Example from the Haiyuan Fault Zone. Earth Science, 49(2): 759-780 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [31] |
Wells, D. L., Coppersmith, K. J., 1994. New Empirical Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement. The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(4): 974-1002. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0840040974 |
| [32] |
Wen, Y. M., Yuan, D. Y., Xie, H., et al., 2023. Typical Fine Structure and Seismogenic Mechanism Analysis of the Surface Rupture of the 2022 Menyuan Mw 6.7 Earthquake. Remote Sensing, 15(18): 4375. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15184375 |
| [33] |
Wu, D.Y., Ren, Z.K., Lü, H.H., et al., 2023. Geomorphic Constraints on Listric Thrust Faulting: Implications for Active Deformation of Bayan Anticline in Youludusi Basin, East Tianshan, China. Earth Science, 48(4): 1389-1404 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [34] |
Xu, Q., Hetzel, R., Hampel, A., et al., 2021. Slip Rate of the Danghe Nan Shan Thrust Fault from 10Be Exposure Dating of Folded River Terraces: Implications for the Strain Distribution in Northern Tibet. Tectonics, 40(4): e2020TC006584. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006584 |
| [35] |
You, Z.C., Bi, H.Y., Zheng, W.J., et al., 2023. Fine Characteristics of Earthquake Surface Rupture Zone Based on High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image: A Case Study of Litang Fault. Seismology and Geology, 45(5): 1057-1073 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [36] |
Yuan, D. Y., 2003. Tectonic Deformation Features and Space-Time Evolution in Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Late Cenozoic Time (Dissertation). China Earthquake Administration, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [37] |
Yuan, D.Y., Xie, H., Su, R.H., et al., 2023. Characteristics of Co-Seismic Surface Rupture Zone of Menyuan MS6.9 Earthquake in Qinghai Province on January 8, 2022 and Seismogenic Mechanism. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 66(1): 229-244 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [38] |
Zhang, P. Z., Molnar, P., Xu, X. W., 2007. Late Quaternary and Present-Day Rates of Slip along the Altyn Tagh Fault, Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Tectonics, 26(5): TC5010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006tc002014 |
| [39] |
Zhang, X. B., Zhang, P. H., He, M. X., et al., 2023. Crustal Electrical Structure of the Wuwei Basin, Lower Yangtze Region of China, and Its Geological Implications. Journal of Earth Science, 34(6): 1744-1757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1682-5 |
| [40] |
Zheng, W.J., He, W.G., Zhao, G.K., et al., 2005. Discussion on the Causative Structure and Mechanism of the 2003 Minle-Shandan, Gansu, M6.1, M5.8 Earthquakes. Journal of Seismological Research, 28(2): 133-140 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [41] |
Zheng, W.J., Yuan, D.Y., Zhang, D.L., et al., 2004. Rupture Property in the Gulang MS 8.0 Earthquake, 1927 and Numerical Simulation of Rupture Mechanism. Earthquake Research in China, 20(4): 31-41 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [42] |
Zielke, O., Arrowsmith, J. R., Ludwig, L. G., et al., 2010. Slip in the 1857 and Earlier Large Earthquakes along the Carrizo Plain, San Andreas Fault. Science, 327(5969): 1119-1122. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1182781 |
| [43] |
Zou, X. B., Yuan, D. Y., Shao, Y. X., et al., 2021. The 2003 Ms6.1 Minle Earthquake: An Earthquake in the Minle-Yongchang Reverse Fault-Related Fold Belt in the Hexi Corridor, NW China. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9: 649268. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.649268 |
中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司平台支撑项目(XBY-PTKJ-2022-5)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0901)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |