长江流域秋季大尺度旱涝转折变化特征及天气形势转换
Characteristics of Large-Scale Drought and Flood Alternation in Autumn in the Yangtze River Basin and Associated Weather Situation Alternation
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秋季旱涝转折对于长江流域水库蓄水、发电、供水等有着显著影响.本文采用综合考虑旱涝转折强度和速度的多尺度标准化旱涝急转指数(MSDFAI),分析了长江流域秋季旱涝转折事件的时空变化特征,并从大气驱动的角度分析转折前后的天气形势转换过程.结果表明:1962-2022年长江流域秋季旱涝/涝旱转折事件高发区多位于金沙江中下游、雅砻江上游、岷江、嘉陵江、乌江、汉江石泉以上、鄱阳湖水系,其中以中度事件频数最多;以20世纪90年代中期为转折点,流域旱涝转折范围在此之前呈现减少趋势,之后转为增加,流域内极端旱涝转折事件强度同样先减弱后增强,涝旱转折事件则与之相反;模态分解显示,秋季第二模态主要表现为长江上游北部和汉江上游的一致性旱涝转折异常,在转折前期,我国南方大部由位势高度负异常控制,长江上游及汉江上游风场和水汽输送呈辐散型异常,垂向由干燥下沉气流控制,不利于降雨发生.在转折后一个月,长江中下游出现位势高度正异常,对应副高加强西伸,北方低压槽南伸,长江上游及汉江上游风场和水汽输送呈辐合型异常,垂向由上升气流控制,有利于强降雨发生,从而导致旱涝转折,涝旱转折则基本与之相反.
Autumn drought and flood alternation (DFA) has very serious impacts on water storage in reservoirs, power generation, and water supply in the Yangtze River basin (YRB). This paper analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of autumn DFA in the YRB by using the multi-scale standardized DFAI index (MSDFAI), which comprehensively considers the effects of alternation intensity and speed, and the associated weather situation alternation was analyzed from the perspective of the atmospheric driving. The results show that the high incidence areas of autumn drought to flood alternation events (DTF) from 1962 to 2022 in the YRB are mostly located in the middle and lower Jinsha River, upper Yalong River, Jialing, Min and Wu Rivers, Hanjiang River above the Shiquan station, and the Poyang Lake water network, in which the frequency of moderate events is the highest. The range of DTF in the YRB shows a decreasing trend before the mid-90s, and then turn to an increasing trend. Similarly, the intensity of extreme DTF in local areas weaken before mid-90s, and then increase, while the flood to drought alternation events (FTD) are on the contrary. The mode decomposition shows that the second pattern is mainly characterized by consistent DTF anomalies in the north of the main stream of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Han River (key area). Before the alternation, most of southern China is controlled by negative geopotential height anomalies, and the wind field and water vapor transport in the key area are divergent anomalies, and the vertical direction is controlled by the dry subsiding flow, which is unfavorable to the occurrence of rainfall. One month after the alternation, there is a positive anomaly in the geopotential height in the middle and lower YRB, the west Pacific subtropical high is intensified and extends westward and the northern low-pressure trough extends southward. Meanwhile, the wind field and water vapor transport in the key area shows a converging anomaly, and the vertical direction is controlled by updrafts and conduced to heavy rainfall. The above weather situation transition leads to a DTF event, while the FTD event is the opposite.
长江流域 / 秋季 / 旱涝转折 / 天气形势 / 气象学 / 气候学.
Yangtze River basin / autumn / drought to flood alternation / weather situation / meteorology / climatology
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国家十四五重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3002701)
国家自然科学基金项目(U2340205)
武汉市曙光知识创新专项(2023020201020356)
水利部重大科技项目(SKS⁃2022034)
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