南半球中高纬度气旋对南极海冰面积的影响
Impacts of Mid⁃High Latitude Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere on Antarctic Sea Ice Extent
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为研究南半球中高纬度气旋对南极海冰面积的年代际影响,基于1979-2022年每年9月的欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析数据,识别并追踪南半球气旋,探究中高纬度气旋频数与南极海冰面积之间的相关关系,分析气旋经过时下方受影响的南极海冰面积变化的时间和空间特征.研究表明,南半球中高纬度气旋对南极海冰的影响主要集中在南极海冰密集度变动频繁且大多低于80%的边缘区.气旋能够显著影响区域海冰密集度的变化,尤其在海冰边缘线附近,气旋是此处海冰密集度变化的主要影响因素.与气旋对南极海冰的影响相比,南极大部分区域的海冰更易受南半球环状模的影响.然而,在海冰密集度较小的海冰边缘区,气旋对海冰密集度的影响尤为显著.气旋经过影响到的海冰密集度变化依赖于南极海冰的多寡,海冰密集度在达到一定高值后继续增加,会使受气旋影响的海冰密集度增加幅度减小.
The long-term effects of mid-high latitude cyclones on Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) were investigated using reanalysis data from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for September, spanning from 1979 to 2022. This study examines the correlation between the frequency of mid-high latitude cyclones and SIE, as well as analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution of SIE anomalies caused by cyclones. The results indicate that the mid-high latitude cyclones predominantly influence Antarctic sea ice within the marginal ice zone, where the sea ice concentration (SIC) is less than 80% and exhibits frequent changes across most regions. These findings reveal that SIE is more susceptible to Southern Annular Mode (SAM) than to cyclones in most regions of Antarctica. However, cyclone-induced variations in SIC are significant within the Antarctic marginal ice zone, particularly near the sea ice edges, where cyclones are the primary drivers of SIC fluctuations. The influence of cyclones on SIC variations depends on the initial SIC amount, with variations decreasing as SIC reaches a certain high value.
Southern Hemisphere / mid⁃high latitude cyclone / Antarctica / sea ice / meteorology
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(42376250)
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