黄河流域丘陵旱地短季棉—油菜两熟轻简高效栽培技术体系研究
代建龙 , 姚富友 , 高蓓蓓 , 崔正鹏 , 魏学文 , 聂军军 , 张晓洁 , 徐勤青 , 张艳军 , 张冬梅 , 战丽杰 , 秦都林 , 张选 , 董合忠
山西农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (01) : 24 -28.
黄河流域丘陵旱地短季棉—油菜两熟轻简高效栽培技术体系研究
Study on Simplified Cultivation Technology System for Double Cropping of Short- Season Cotton and Rapeseed in Hill Drylands of the Yellow River Basin
针对黄河流域丘陵旱地水资源匮乏、土壤瘠薄、耕作层浅、传统一熟种植效益低等生产制约问题,以春棉品种K836、短季棉品种鲁棉532和油菜品种秦优2号为试验材料,于2023—2024年在山东省东平县典型丘陵旱地进行了传统一熟春棉种植和短季棉与油菜两熟种植试验与示范,系统比较分析了这2种种植模式在产量表现及综合效益方面的差异,旨在为充分挖掘黄河流域旱薄地植棉潜力、优化区域种植结构提供技术支撑与实践范例。结果表明,两熟种植模式下,受生育期缩短等因素的影响,短季棉产量较春棉降低10.8%,但由于增收一季油菜,综合纯收益增加了60.0%,有效弥补了短季棉单产略低的短板,显著提升了旱薄地的产出效益。大面积示范结果表明,短季棉与油菜两熟轻简高效种植较传统春棉一年一熟种植肥料和农药减施10%~15%,每公顷纯收益增加了9 000元。基于此,研究集成建立了以“品种优选、精量播种免间苗定苗、简化施肥、棉花密植化控免整枝、脱叶催熟集中收获”为核心的短季棉与油菜两熟轻简高效栽培技术体系。
In order to provide technical support and practical examples for full exploration of the potential of cotton planted in arid and barren areas of the Yellow River basin and optimization of regional planting structure, aiming at the production constraints in hill drylands of the Yellow River basin, such as water shortage, soil impoverishment, shallow plough layer, and low economic benefits of the traditional single cropping system, in this study, field experiments and demonstration trials of a traditional single cropping of spring cotton planting and a double cropping system with short-season cotton and rapeseed were conducted in Dongping county, Shandong province from 2023 to 2024, using a full-season cotton variety K836, a short-season cotton variety Lumian 532, and a rapeseed variety Qinyou 2 as trial materials. A systematic comparison and analysis were carried out to clarify the differences and advantages between the cotton-rapeseed double cropping system and the traditional full-season cotton monocropping system in terms of yield performance and comprehensive benefits. The results indicated that the seedcotton yield of short-season cotton under the double cropping system decreased by 10.8% compared with full-season cotton, attributing to the shortened growth period and other contributing factors. But the additional harvest of one rapeseed crop boosted the comprehensive net profit by 60.0%, effectively compensating for the slight yield reduction of short-season cotton and significantly improving the output efficiency of dry and barren lands. The results from large-scale demonstrations indicated that the fertilizer and pesticide application under the simplified and efficient cultivation system for short-season cotton and rapeseed double cropping was reduced by 10%-15%, and the net profit was increased by 9,000 yuan per hectare. Based on these findings, a simplified and efficient cultivation technology system for cotton and rapeseed double cropping was integrated and established, with core techniques including "optimal variety selection, precise seeding without thinning, simplified fertilization, no-pruning with close planting and chemical regulation, and defoliation-ripening for centralized harvesting".
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国家重点研发计划(2024YFD23006)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-15)
山东省棉花产业技术体系(SDARS-03-01)
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