生防菌防治棉花黄萎病的研究进展
朱玉涛 , 薛冰怡 , 王豫蓝 , 朱秀 , 廖春丽 , 马培芳 , 马爱锄 , 王平 , 王莲哲
山西农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (01) : 29 -38.
生防菌防治棉花黄萎病的研究进展
Research Progress on Biocontrol Bacteria for Cotton Verticillium Wilt
棉花黄萎病是一种由大丽轮枝菌引起的维管束真菌病害,可造成棉花产量和纤维品质降低,严重制约了棉花产业的绿色发展。棉花黄萎病具有发病率高、发病范围广、传播速度快和防治难度大的特点,主要传播途径有种子传播、植物病残体传播和土壤传播。目前,防治黄萎病的方法主要有农业防治、化学防治、生物防治和抗病品种选育。在国家积极实施减少化学药剂和绿色防控技术的大环境下,生物防治因具有污染小、安全性高、不易产生抗性和改良土壤环境等优势,成为防治棉花黄萎病的重要手段。生防菌不仅可以通过拮抗、竞争营养和生殖空间、分泌杀菌物质或降低致病性直接抑制大丽轮枝菌生长和侵染,还可以调控土壤根际微生物群落稳态、促进植株生长或提高植株免疫力,从而间接防治棉花黄萎病。为了为黄萎病生防菌剂研发和绿色高效防治棉花黄萎病提供参考,文章从细菌、真菌、放线菌、无毒/弱毒菌株和真菌病毒等5类生防菌综述棉花黄萎病生防菌研究进展,并对棉花黄萎病生防菌防治进行展望。
Cotton Verticillium wilt is a vascular fungal disease caused by Verticillium dahliae that reduces cotton yield and fiber quality and seriously restricts the green development of the cotton industry. Cotton Verticillium wilt is characterised by high incidence, wide distribution, rapid spread, and difficulty in prevention and control. The main modes of transmission include seed dispersal, plant disease residue dispersal, and soil dispersal. Current methods of controlling Verticillium wilt mainly include agricultural control, chemical control, biological control, and selection of disease-resistant varieties. In an environment where the country is actively implementing the reduction of chemical agents and green prevention and control technologies, biological control has become an important means to prevent and control Verticillium wilt in cotton due to its advantages of less pollution, high safety, less resistance to the disease, and improvement of the soil environment. Biocontrol bacteria can not only directly inhibit the growth and infection of Verticillium dahliae through antagonism, competition for nutrients and reproductive space, secretion of bactericidal substances or reduction of pathogenicity, but can also regulate the homeostasis of soil rhizosphere microbial communities, promote plant growth or enhance plant immunity, thereby indirectly preventing and controlling Verticillium wilt in cotton. In this article, the progress of research on cotton Verticillium wilt biocontrol bacteria from five aspects: bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, avirulent/weakly toxic strains and mycoviruses was reviewed, and outlook on future development trends in the control of cotton Verticillium wilt biocontrol bacteria was conducted to provide a theoretical reference for the development of Verticillium wilt biocontrol fungicides and for the environmentally friendly and efficient control of Verticillium wilt in cotton.
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河南省科技攻关项目(242102311202)
河南城建学院博士科研启动基金(K-Q2023018)
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