口头传统之于民族形象的重构--以扎克斯·穆达的长篇小说为例

The Reconstruction of National Image through Oral Tradition - Taking Zakes Mda’s Novels as Examples

摘要

非洲大陆有着丰富的口头传统文化.在无文字时代,非洲的口头传统不仅是保存先人智慧和历史记忆的重要方法,也是人们表达欢乐与痛苦,述说希望与恐惧,反映人们憎恶的手段.口头传统因而成为黑人民族文化的表征,凝聚着民族精神,表现着民族形象.以南非黑人作家扎克斯·穆达的小说创作为例,从殖民故事传统的颠覆、殖民语言权威的消解,以及殖民话语行为的戏仿三个方面探析非洲本土居民如何通过口头传统对抗殖民统治,重建民族形象,以期为中国读者理解非洲文化与非洲文学提供参考,进而促进中非交流与合作.

Abstract

The African continent is rich in oral traditional culture. Oral tradition includes not only myths, legends, folktales, and folksongs that entertain people, as well as oral histories, epics, and narrative poems that record history, and proverbs and idioms with unique regional characteristics, but also other forms of oral expression such as naming and riddles. In the pre-literate era, African oral tradition was not only an important means of preserving the wisdom of ancestors and historical memories, but also a way for people to express joy and pain, talk about hopes and fears, and reflect people's abhorrence. Therefore, oral tradition has become a symbol of black national culture, embodying the national spirit and representing the national image. Taking the novels of South African black writer Zakes Mda as examples, this paper analyzes how the indigenous African people resisted colonial rule and reconstructed the national image through oral tradition from three aspects: the subversion of the colonial storytelling tradition, the dissolution of the authority of the colonial language, and the parody of colonial discourse behavior, in order to provide Chinese readers with a reference for understanding African culture and literature, thereby promoting exchanges and cooperation between China and Africa.

关键词

扎克斯·穆达 / 口头传统 / 民族形象 / 南非英语文学

Key words

Zakes Mda / oral tradition / national image / South African literature in English

参考文献

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基金资助

国家社科基金(22BWW065)