蕲艾精油提取工艺优化及其抗氧化与抑菌活性研究

Optimization of Extraction Process and Physiological Activity Study of Artemisia Qiai essential oil

摘要

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,以料液比、粉碎目数、提取时间为考察因素,以蕲艾精油提取率为响应值,结合单因素试验与Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺;通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除法评价抗氧化活性,牛津杯法与二倍稀释法测定抑菌效果.结果表明:最佳工艺为料液比1∶12、粉碎目数60目、提取时间4.5 h,此条件下精油提取率达0.25%;精油含α-侧柏酮(16.87%)、桉叶油醇(8.94%)等主要活性成分.8 mg/mL蕲艾精油对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力分别相当于35.58±0.3 mg、32.46±0.2 mg Vc当量;对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、白色念珠菌(Candida albican)最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为10 μg/mL、15 μg/mL,抑菌效果活性显著优于对照组小叶艾精油.结论:优化工艺稳定可行,蕲艾精油兼具良好抗氧化与抗真菌活性.

Abstract

Optimizing the extraction process of Qiai essential oil (QAEO) and elucidating its biological activities are of great significance for promoting the high-value utilization of genuine medicinal materials. Currently, a systematic study on the highly efficient extraction parameters and antifungal spectrum of this essential oil remains lacking. In this study, steam distillation was employed to optimize the extraction process, utilizing the liquid-to-solid ratio, mesh size, and extraction time as investigation factors, and the extraction yield of the essential oil as the response value, combined with single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The antioxidant activity was evaluated via DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, while the antimicrobial efficacy was determined using the Oxford cup and two-fold serial dilution methods. The results indicated that the optimal extraction process consisted of a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:12 (g/mL), a crushing degree of 60 mesh, and an extraction time of 4.5 h. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of QAEO reached 0.25%. The essential oil contained major active components such as α-thujone (16.87%) and eucalyptol (8.94%). At a concentration of 8 mg/mL, the scavenging capacities of QAEO against DPPH and ABTS radicals were equivalent to 35.58±0.3 mg and 32.46±0.2 mg of vitamin C equivalents, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Aspergillus niger and Candida albican were 10 μg/mL and 15 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating a significantly superior minimum inhibitory activity compared to the control group of Artemisia sieversiana essential oil. In conclusion, the optimized process is stable and feasible. QAEO possesses excellent antioxidant and antifungal activities. Although the underlying molecular antimicrobial mechanisms were not explored in this study, these findings still provide a scientific foundation for its development and utilization in food and pharmaceutical preservation.

关键词

蕲艾精油 / 水蒸气蒸馏 / 响应面法 / 抗氧化 / 抑菌活性

Key words

Qiai essential oil / steam distillation / response surface methodology / antioxidant activity / antimicrobial activity

参考文献

[1] 王兴武, 陈凯华. 北方野生植物在城市园林绿化中的应用[J]. 农业科技与信息(现代园林), 2009,(02): 53-55.

[2] 王明辉, 夏振洲, 陈盛虎, 等. . 蕲艾产业发展现状研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(09): 105-108.

[3] 刘涛, 廖晓凤, 吴燕婷, 等. . 艾叶有效成分抗炎作用及其机制的研究进展[J]. 中药新药与临床药理, 2021, 32(03): 449-454.

[4] Gao Y, Xie Y, Jiang H, et al. Soil water status and root distribution across the rooting zone in maize with plastic film mulching [J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 156: 40-47.

[5] 毛跟年, 刘艺秀, 胡家欢. 野艾蒿挥发油的GC-MS分析及其体内抗氧化活性研究[J]. 现代食品科技, 2019, 35(07): 82-88.

[6] Liu H, Zhan S, Zhang Y, et al. Molecular network-based analysis of the mechanism of liver injury induced by volatile oils from Artemisia argyi folium [J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2017, 17(01): 491.

[7] 洪宗国. 蕲艾的道地性研究[J]. 中南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 34(02): 33-37.

[8] 魏海胜, 吕丰, 张令令, 等. . 蕲艾化学成分研究[J]. 亚太传统医药, 2013, 9(02): 4-6.

[9] 李涵, 陈希瑜, 朱珠, 等. . 蕲艾的现代研究进展[J]. 中药材, 2022, 45(03): 765-769.

[10] Marin M, Novakovic M, Vuckovic I, et al. Wild Thymus capitatus Hoff. Et Link. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil [J]. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2018, 21(02): 388-399.

[11] Božović M, Ragno R. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and its Main Essential Oil Constituent Pulegone: Biological Activities and Chemistry [J]. Molecules, 2017, 22(02): 290- 290.

[12] 曹利, 卢金清, 叶欣. 蕲艾的化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J]. 中国药房, 2017, 28(10): 1423-1425.

[13] Bounatirou S, Smiti S, Miguel M G, et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils isolated from Tunisian Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link [J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 105(01): 146-155.

[14] 贾盟盟. 艾纳香属植物精油提取、成分分析及其生物活性研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2020: 11-12.

[15] 袁琦, 王家胜, 毛豪, 等. . 稻花香馫香型白酒风味特征分析[J]. 中国酿造, 2022, 41(02): 53-59.

[16] 车明哲, 王晨曦, 侯柄竹, 等. . 蕲艾精油提取工艺优化与抑菌活性成分分析[J]. 农业技术与装备, 2022(09): 5-9.

[17] 王曼笛. 艾草精油主要化合物桉叶油醇的抑菌机理及艾草精油Pickering乳液抑菌作用研究[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2022: 21-37.

[18] 吴克刚, 崔绮嫦, 董艳, 等. . 芳香植物精油对食品常见腐败微生物抗菌活性的研究[J]. 现代食品科技, 2017, 33(04): 120-127.

[19] 占成, 甘晋铭, 孙博林, 等. . 野菊花精油提取工艺优化研究[J]. 工业微生物, 2024, 54(02): 23-26.

[20] 高晓敏, 龙旭, 罗凤, 等. . 响应面优化薰衣草精油的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能研究[J]. 当代化工, 2020, 49(10): 2186-2189.

[21] 许俊洁, 卢金清, 郭胜男. 蕲艾挥发油的化学成分及其体外抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中国医院药学杂志, 2017, 37(01): 76-79.

[22] 张丽佳, 薛银, 张岑容, 等. . 桉油精的抗菌抗炎作用研究[J]. 中国兽药杂志, 2013, 47(03): 21-24.

[23] 任晓娜, 刘宇良, 于航, 等. . 缬草、龙脑精油的抑菌活性[J]. 热带农业科学, 2018, 38(10): 74-78.

[24] 董杰. 樟脑精油对大肠杆菌抑菌机制的研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2020: 72-73.

[25] Li Y, Wang X, Lyu X, et al. Extractions and rheological properties of polysaccharide from okra pulp under mild conditions [J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 148: 510-517.

[26] 柳成东, 于晓东, 王乙茹, 等. . 凝结芽孢杆菌药敏实验的研究[J]. 饲料工业, 2020, 41(14): 35-39.

基金资助

“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0400500)

湖北工业大学研究生教学改革研究项目(校2021057)