动词“来”与“去”的语义投射及其句法行为分析

The Semantic Projection and Syntactic Exploration of the Verbs “Come” and “Go”

摘要

基于Talmy的运动事件框架,聚焦于运动事件动词“来”与“去”的句法语义投射.从认知语义视角对运动事件动词“来”与“去”进行分析.在审视运动事件框架后,从隐性与显性方面对运动事件重新分类,划分出六类运动事件:显性路径运动事件、隐性路径运动事件、显性背景运动事件、隐性背景运动事件、显性方式运动事件、隐性方式运动事件.结合实例,从句法语义的维度对非宾格动词“来”与“去”进行分析,探究其语义投射规律,并发现非宾格动词“来”与“去”的派格能力增强,不仅可以指派主格亦可指派宾格,从而导致论元增容.另外,还发现动词“来”与“去”所表示的运动事件中语义角色的句法实现受轻动词CAUSE的影响.

Abstract

This article, on the basis of Talmy’s motion event framework, focuses on the semantic syntactic mapping of the motion event verbs “come” and “go”. First, it analyzes the motion event verbs “come” and “go” from a cognitive semantic perspective. Based on the examination of the frameworks of motion events, the article classifies from both implicit and explicit aspects the motion events into six subcategories: explicit-path motion event, implicit-path motion event, explicit-background motion event, implicit-background motion event, explicit-manner motion event, implicit-manner motion event. Then, from the syntactic semantic dimension, the analysis is made of the unaccusative verbs “come” and “go”, but also the exploration is made into their semantic projection rules. It has been found that the case assigning capacity of the unaccusative verbs “come” and “go” has been enhanced, and that such verbs can assign both nominative and accusative cases, which leads to argument augmentation. Additionally, it is revealed that the semantic roles in the motion event verbs “come” and “go” are influenced by constructions, and the meaning potential of constructions is thus instantiated the light verb CAUSE.

关键词

运动事件动词 / 运动事件框架 / 语义投射 / 领有名词 / 轻动词

Key words

motion event verbs / motion event framework / semantic projection / possessor / light verb

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基金资助

湖北省高等学校省级教学研究项目(2021443)