To address the challenges of poor compatibility in current exoskeletons and human legs, a knee-ankle exoskeleton was designed based on human-machine compatibility. The spatiotemporal data of lower limb joint movements were collected through a motion capture system. A four-bar mechanism with a J-shaped motion trajectory that might adapt to the instantaneous center of human knee joint movement was designed based on the physiological characteristics of knee joint rolling and sliding motions. A linkage mechanism optimization design method for simulating knee joint motions was proposed. The optimized four-bar mechanism was validated through numerical simulation to fit human motion well. The development of an power-assisted exoskeleton control system was achieved by combining angle sensors, and the effectiveness of the power-assisted exoskeleton performance was verified through gait and electromyography experiments. The experimental results show that the peak change in knee joint angle after wearing is less than 5%, the knee joint torque decreases, and the activity of muscles such as the lateral thigh muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, and biceps longus muscle decreases.
约束条件是对变量 x 进行界定的关键要素。对四杆尺寸优化进行双摇杆杆长条件约束,即次短杆杆长+次长杆杆长最短杆杆长+最长杆杆长;人体生物学约束,即外骨骼膝关节的运动轨迹需始终位于人体行走时的膝关节活动区间以内;瞬心理想坐标值约束条件,即人体膝关节理论瞬心坐标值对外骨骼膝关节瞬心坐标值实施严格约束;膝关节稳定性条件,即外骨骼膝关节机构的瞬心位置必须高于膝关节结构的最长伸展尺寸。表1所示为优化后的四杆尺寸。
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