Aming to describe and avoid different dimensions of risks faced by intelligent vehicles, a two-layer trajectory planning method was proposed based on spatio-temporal risk fields. Traffic elements were divided into abstract elements and concrete elements, the spatial-temporal risk fields of abstract elements based on Gaussian distribution function and concrete elements based on spatial vector were established respectively to represent the environmental risks faced by intelligent vehicles in three dimensions: vertical, horizontal and temporal. Additionally, the trajectory planning problem of intelligent vehicles was divided into path and speed dual planning problem. The longitudinal-lateral dimension risk and longitudinal-temporal dimension risk were accordingly applied to dynamic planning cost function. Then, the path and speed with the comprehensive lowest cost were calculated, and combined with quadratic programming algorithm, the path and velocity were further optimized to obtain the final trajectory. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methodology may effectively characterize spatio-temporal driving risks across diverse scenarios while generating constraint-satisfying trajectories, thereby significantly enhance road driving safety.
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