To achieve online and efficient prediction of industrial robot energy consumptions, a method was proposed based on Bayesian-optimized TCN. Specifically, TCN was utilized to establish a nonlinear mapping relationship between kinematic parameters and robot energy consumption, which effectively captured the temporal characteristics of energy consumption prediction data. Meanwhile, the Bayesian method was adopted to optimize the hyperparameters in the model, thereby improving the accuracy of the energy consumption prediction model. Ablation experiments and comparative experiments on the IRB 1600-10/145 industrial robots show that, under no-load and 1.5 kg load conditions, the average relative errors of the total energy consumptions of the robot predicted by the proposed method are as 1.04% and 1.78% respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other commonly used energy consumption prediction models at present.
由图4和表3可以看出:①本文方法及对比模型在工业机器人无负载下的能耗预测效果整体优于1.5 kg负载的结果,主要原因在于加入负载后,工业机器人的功率变化范围扩大,对应的测量误差也随之增大;②CNN-LSTM模型与单一的CNN模型及LSTM模型能耗预测效果差异不明显;③未应用贝叶斯优化TCN超参数的模型在机器人无负载下,各性能评估指标均比本文方法差,在1.5 kg 负载下,除了RMSE评估指标外,其余各性能评估指标也均比本文方法差;④本文方法无论是工业机器人有负载或无负载,总能耗相对误差均优于其他能耗预测模型,在无负载下,总能耗平均相对误差为1.04%,在1.5 kg负载下,总能耗平均相对误差为1.78%,证明了本文方法的优越性。
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