The atomizer, as the core component of the built-in atomized MQL system, directly affected the atomization efficiency of MQL oil and cutting performance. The atomization mechanism of lubricating oil and the key factors influencing atomizer performances were thoroughly analyzed based on the liquid spray theory herein. A pneumatic atomization-type MQL oil mist atomizer was developed. Through a combination of atomizer performance evaluation methods and experimental research, the coupling mechanism of factors such as throat diameter, suction aperture, and gaps between orifice walls on atomizer performance was clarified. Based on the analysis of the laser spray particle size analyzer, the superior atomization performance of the atomizer with oils of varying viscosities was verified. The particle size number frequency distribution is concentrated between 0.8-10 µm, with the volume frequency distribution peaking at 25 µm and the Sauter mean diameter D32 ranging from 5-12 µm.
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