A digital twin-based dynamic multi-objective optimization method for machining processes was proposed herein. By integrating historical machining data with real-time operational data, a digital twin system was established, comprising geometric, physical, behavioral, and rule-based sub-models. This system combined an Optuna-GBR model and an IMORIME to dynamically adjust machining parameters. The cutting force fluctuations were monitored in real time by the digital twin system. When the fluctuations exceeded the adaptive threshold, a dynamic optimization process was triggered, during which a new Pareto solution set was regenerated and the optimal machining parameter combination was determined using the entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS) method. Experimental validation under actual machining conditions demonstrates that the dynamic optimization method of the digital twin system achieves a 19.99% reduction in spindle energy consumption, a 29.02% reduction in specific cutting energy, and an 11.22% reduction in machining noise. These results indicate a significant improvement in machining efficiency and a remarkable reduction in spindle energy consumption and machining noises.
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