Aimed to achieve laser surface hardening and optimize processing parameters for nodular cast iron QT550-5, a finite element model coupling the temperature and phase transformation fields was developed herein. Using laser power, scanning speed, and overlap rate as experimental variables, and targeting the hardened layer depth and molten layer depth as optimization objectives, Latin hypercube sampling was first employed for the experimental design. A Bayesian-optimized multi-task neural network prediction model was constructed based on the experimental data. SHAP were introduced for interpretability analysis to clarify the contribution mechanism of various parameters to the hardening results. Subsequently, the multi-objective hippopotamus optimization algorithm was used for parameter optimization. A comprehensive evaluation system integrating the entropy weight method and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution was established to rank the non-dominated solution set and determine the optimal parameter combination. Experimental validation under the optimal parameters confirmes the significant surface hardening effectiveness in QT550-5.
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