To address the issues of wheeled snake robots, such as easy toppling and poor adaptability in complex terrains, a pneumatic snake robot with multiple gaits was proposed based on the principle of fiber interference variable stiffness. The robot used a triple-layer structure pneumatic actuator to dynamically adjust stiffness via air pressure. The modular design integrated components such as air pumps, electromagnetic valves, and unidirectional wheels. The experimental results show that the bending angle of the actuator is positively correlated with the air pressure. The design of dual-cavity combined with fiber reinforcement significantly enhances the load-bearing capacity. By coordinating the steering and load-bearing actuators, the robot may perform serpentine linear motion, C-shaped turns, and accordion-like motion, even crossing obstacles a third of the height. The modular structure reduces maintenance costs and supports rapid functional expansion. These findings offer an efficient actuation solution for wheeled soft snake robots, and support applications in complex scenarios such as rescue and pipe inspection.
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